Biology Exam Review Part 2

Which feature of DNA regulates the types of enzymes produced in a cell?

• The shape of a DNA molecule

• The order of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule

• The location of a DNA molecule

• The size of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule

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Instructions for the traits of an organism are coded in an arrangement of —

• nitrogenous bases, five-carbon sugars, and phosphate groups.

• fat molecules in the cell membrane.

• glucose units in carbohydrate molecules.

• ionic bonds, six-carbon sugars, and hydrogen groups.

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A DNA molecule is arranged similarly to a ladder. Each rung of the ladder is formed by —

• a pair of nitrogenous bases.

• ribose molecules.

• alternating phosphate and glucose molecules.

• a random organization of proteins and lipids.

The information specifying the traits of an organism is present in units of chemical substances in the center of a DNA molecule. The backbone that supports these chemical substances, allowing them not to collide, is composed of alternating —

• amino acids and alcohols.

• fatty acids and minerals.

• sugars and phosphates

• proteins and enzymes.

Some events that take place during the synthesis of a specific protein are listed below.

A. Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome. B. DNA serves as a template for RNA production. C. Transfer RNA bonds to a specific codon.

D. Amino acids are bonded together.

E. RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

The correct order of these events is —

• B → E → A → C → D.

• C → B → A → E → D.

• B → C → E → D → A.

• D → A → E → C → B.

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What is a major difference between messenger RNA molecules and transfer RNA molecules?

• Messenger RNA molecules carry coded information to the ribosomes, and transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes

• Messenger RNA molecules contain thymine, and transfer RNA molecules contain uracil.

• Messenger RNA molecules contain ribose, and transfer RNA molecules contain deoxyribose.

• Messenger RNA molecules function when they are doublestranded, and transfer RNA molecules function when they are single-stranded.

The purpose of transcription is to create —

• a sequence of RNA bases that organizes a sequence of DNA bases.

• a sequence of DNA bases that deletes a sequence of RNA bases.

• a sequence of RNA bases that complements a sequence of DNA bases.

• a sequence of DNA bases that duplicates a sequence of RNA bases.

In order for transcription to begin, two strands of DNA must —

• duplicate carbon bonds in the sugar-phosphate ladder.

• be stimulated to break the hydrogen bonds between base pairs.

• organize a sequence of helium atoms into a linear chain.

• delete the cap and tail of a specific enzyme.

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The process of translation is completed when a chain of amino acids —

• detaches from a ribosome.

• folds into multiple proteins.

• disassembles a strand of transfer RNA.

• joins with a strand of messenger RNA.

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Plants assemble carbohydrates in the form of starch. This starch functions as —

• a subunit for enzyme formation.

• waste for disposal.

• a store of auxiliary glycogen.

• energy storage.

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