Living Environment Regents: Genetics

 The instructions for the genetic traits of an organism are directly determined by the

•  numbers of A, T, C, and G units in a sugar molecule
•  sequence of bases in DNA molecules
•  length of a DNA molecule
•  way the bases are paired in the two strands of a DNA molecule

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Female hammerhead sharks sometimes produce offspring by a type of asexual reproduction. These offspring

•  are a result of the uniting of a male and a female gamete
• have cells that contain DNA found only in the female shark
•  are considered to be a different species from the male parent
•  have cells that contain genetic information from both parents

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 A tomato gene, known as the SIKLUH gene, has recently been discovered. The gene leads to the production of larger tomatoes. The gene affects fruit size by increasing cell layers and promoting extra cell divisions. In order to produce large fruit in other commercial plant species, scientists might

•  clone the genes of other types of plants until they develop larger fruits
•  breed the tomatoes with other fruits such as apples
• ) insert the gene into other types of plants
• stimulate the process of meiosis in the other plants

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Which activity enables humans to produce new genetic combinations in other organisms?

• selecting and breeding the organisms for specific traits
• increasing the number of enzymes available to the organisms
•  growing organisms that reproduce asexually
•  decreasing the amount of DNA in the diet of the organisms

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Which molecules are needed to cut and copy segments of DNA?

• reproductive hormones
• carbohydrates
• antibodies
• biological catalysts

A woman changes her hair color to red; however, her children will not inherit this red hair color because the woman does not have

• genes for red hair in her skin
•  genes for red hair in her sex cells
• proteins for red hair in the placenta
•  proteins for red hair in her egg cells

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 Farmers may someday clone their best milkproducing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?

• It may be difficult to tell the animals apart.
•  Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd
• The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.
•  The cows could be mated only with each other.

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Many animals have developed courtship behaviors. Males will often dance, swim, or sing in a particular way to attract a female. Males who are more successful at the courtship behavior will have a greater chance of having more offspring. This behavior is a result of

•  natural selection
•  genetic engineering
•  asexual reproduction
•  gene manipulation

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The paramecium is a single-celled organism that reproduces asexually. The offspring of a paramecium usually contain

•  only half of the genes of the parent cells
•  more DNA than the parent cell
•  genetic material identical to that of the parent cell
•  fewer mutations than the parent cell

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When an organism reproduces asexually, it usually has

• only one parent, and half as much DNA as the parent
• only one parent, and the same chromosome number as the parent
• two parents, and twice as much DNA as either parent
• two parents, and the same chromosome number as each parent

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