Industrialization and Reform Pretest

A major characteristic of the era of early industrialism in the United States prior to the Civil War was —

• a population shifting to cities

• a decline in the cotton harvest

• a boom in oil and gas production

• a rapid system for manufacturing cars

Which event was a first step in the American abolitionist movement?

• Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Toms’ Cabin was published

• States north of Pennsylvania outlawed the practice of enslaving people

• William Lloyd Garrison organized the New-England Anti-Slavery Society

• American Colonization Society was formed to help formerly enslaved people

One impact of the early expansion of the system of railroads on the physical environment of the United States was —

• the movement of tons of rock and debris for construction through mountains

• a decline in the price of agricultural products from farms in western territories

• the construction of dams and reservoirs for the water to power steam engines

• an ability of citizens to travel faster between major cities in northeastern states

One factor that contributed to the growth of slavery in the American South was —

• completion of the Transcontinental Railroad

• demand for cotton in the textile mills of the North

• development of cattle trails that linked Texas with railroads

• resistance to westward expansion by American Indian group

One motivating factor that pulled many to settle in northeastern U.S. urban areas during the nineteenth century was —

• the expansion of slavery in southern states

• the decreasing availability of land for farming

• the increasing demand for low-skilled factory labor

• the persecution of religious groups in western territories

Many immigrants from Ireland to the urban centers of the northeastern United States during the mid-nineteenth century often found work in —

• farming and cattle ranching

• factories and municipal services

• retail sales at new department stores

• professional services such as medicine and law

One difference of economic development between northern and southern U.S. states during the early nineteenth century was —

• the growth of the factory system in the North

• the support of international tariffs by the South

• the growth of ship-building industries in the South

• the decline of entrepreneurial innovations in the North

Many entrepreneurs attempted new businesses in the early nineteenth century because of a confidence that the U.S. government would —

• protect property rights

• increase tariffs and taxes

• establish safety standards

• regulate commercial practices

One factor that contributed to growing industrialism in the United States prior to the Civil War was —

• a series of political revolutions in European monarchies

• a general lack of U.S. government regulations on business

• an exclusive trading relationship with U.S. colonies overseas

• a growing distrust of European interventions in Latin America

How did Thoreau's idea of civil disobedience influence American society?

• Citizens who considered the Civil War unjust refused to comply with the draft.

• Western settlers who disagreed with placing railroads on their land dismantled the tracks at night.

• Civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. called on people to refuse to obey laws considered unjust.

• American Indian tribes on reservations refused to purchase agricultural products that were not grown on reservation grounds.