NC Standards 1 of 7

What can be used to distinguish between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? 

• Only eukaryotic cells come from preexisting cells
• Only prokaryotic cells are the smallest unit of living organisms.
• Only prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes
• Only eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles

Nerve cells and bone cells are specialized cells that descend from the same single cell (fertilized egg). Which statement best explains how each type of cell results in a different structure with a specialized function? 

• Nerve cells and bone cells receive the same DNA; however, only specific parts of the DNA are activated in each cell.
• Nerve cells and bone cells receive the same DNA; however, bone cells receive more to make the protective outer covering. 
• Nerve cells and bone cells receive different DNA that determines the structure and function that each will perform. 
• Nerve cells and bone cells begin with the same structure; however, bone cells harden over time

A student observes a typical onion root tip where many of the cells have just successfully completed mitosis. Which statement best explains what must have happened to result in cells that only have half as many chromosomes as all of the other cells in the same section of the tip? 

• The parent cell completed mitosis after undergoing interphase
• The parent cell completed mitosis after undergoing cytokinesis
• The parent cell completed mitosis before undergoing cytokinesis
• The parent cell completed mitosis before undergoing interphase

Cell cycle checkpoints are proteins that monitor and regulate the progress of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. Which statement best describes what would most likely happen if a cell is permitted to progress to mitosis without the preparation stage of interphase? 

• The new cells would have all of the organelles except the nucleus
• The new cells would have all of the organelles except the mitochondria
• The number of chromosomes in the daughter cells would be the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell
• The number of chromosomes in the daughter cells would be different from the number of chromosomes in the parent cell

A single-celled organism is placed in fresh water. The contractile vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell. How does this action help the organism to survive? a. It helps the organism maintain a stable internal environment. b. It helps the organism communicate with other cells. c. It helps the organism reproduce. d. It helps the organism convert energy.

• It helps the organism communicate with other cells
• It helps the organism maintain a stable internal environment.
• It helps the organism reproduce
• t helps the organism convert energy

During extreme conditions like drought or high heat, frogs will dig a hole in the soil and bury themselves. Sometimes frogs will shed a layer of skin, wrap it around themselves for more protection, and wait for rain. How does this adaptation aid frogs? a. This adaptation aids in the survival of frogs. b. This adaptation attracts other frogs for mating. c. This adaptation helps the frog find food. d. This adaptation aids in the growth of frogs.

• This adaptation aids in the survival of frogs
• This adaptation attracts other frogs for mating
• This adaptation helps the frog find food
• This adaptation aids in the growth of frogs

Classify the relationship between flowering plants and bees, where the plant provides the bee with food and the bee spreads pollen for the plant. a. commensalism b. mutualism c. parasitism d. predation

• predation
• parasitism
• mutualism
• commensalism 

Which of the following has contributed most to the overall warming of the earth’s atmosphere? a. the burning of fossil fuels b. the depletion of the ozone c. the occurrence of acid rain d. the melting of the polar ice caps 

• the burning of fossil fuels
• the depletion of the ozone
• the occurrence of acid rain
• the melting of the polar ice caps 

If a strand of DNA is CTGCAT, what is the sequence of nucleotides in the complementary strand? a. GACGTA b. CTGCAT c. AGTACG d. GACGUA

• GACGUA
• AGTACG
• CTGCAT
• GACGTA

Which of the following changes in DNA is likely to have the greatest effect on the resulting peptide? a. in a strand of DNA, one C is changed to a T b. a “G” is inserted at the beginning of a gene c. a “G” is inserted at the end of a gene d. in a strand of DNA, one T is changed to a C 

• in a strand of DNA, one C is changed to a T
• a “G” is inserted at the beginning of a gene 
• a “G” is inserted at the end of a gene 
• in a strand of DNA, one T is changed to a C