Immune- 1st and 2nd Line Defenses

This line of defense forms a barrier that attempts to stop all pathogens from getting into the body.

• 1st line defense

• 2nd line defense

• 3rd line defense

Which of these is NOT considered a FIRST line of defense?

• White Blood Cells

• Skin

• Hair

• Mucous Membranes

 Liz notices that shortly after cutting her arm accidentally the area around the cut is turning red and feeling hot.  Which immune system defense is Liz experiencing?  

• inflammation
• white blood cell clotting
• skin
• fever

White blood cells are also called:

• Pathogens

• Erythrocytes

• Leukocytes

• Disease-fighting cells

4 major groups of pathogens

• bacteria, dogs, cats, mice

• parasites, fungi, viruses, bacteria

• fungi, red blood cells, saliva

• viruses, white, blood cells, plasma

The second line of defense helps to

• prevent pathogens from entering body

• fight all types pathogens once they have entered the body

• fight off specific pathogens, remember pathogens that have previously invaded,

Macrophages are a type of white blood cell involved in the second line of defense. Macrophages

• eat pathogens that have entered the body

• promote blood flow

• secrete antibodies

• secrete antigens

what is the first step of inflammation?

• platelets and fibrin start clotting

• damaged cells release histamine

• phagocytes (neutrophils) engulf bacteria

• capillaries get "leaky" and leukocytes and platelets come out to tissue

White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body? 

• They produce antibodies.
• They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.
• They form a barrier against pathogens.
• They engulf and destroy bacteria.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Another name for the second line of defense in the immune system is

• adaptive immunity

• innate immunity

• herd immunity

• passive immunity