Chapter 13: The Jackson Era-Lesson 2: Conflicts Over Land

In the early 1800's, American settlers were moving both west and south. The country had to decide what to do about ___________________________ who lived on this land.

• Spaniards

• Native Americans

• French

• Dutch

The Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw peoples lived in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. These Native American groups were farmers. Their communities were much like many other American communities. As a result, other Americans called these groups the “_______________________Tribes.”

• Five Uncivilized

• Five Friendly

• Five Warrior

• Five Civilized

President Andrew Jackson agreed that Native Americans should not be allowed to stand in the way of expansion to the west and south. Jackson pushed a bill through Congress that would help the settlers. The ______________________ of 1830 allowed the federal (national) government to pay eastern Native Americans to give up their land and move west.

• Indian Removal Act

• Homestead Act

• Morrill Act

• Missouri Compromise

Most Native American groups felt forced to sign the treaties and agree to move. However, the ________________ already had a treaty with the U.S. government. It said that their land was not part of the United States. Much of this land was inside Georgia.

• Seminole

• Apaches

• Cherokee

• Creek

Georgia wanted the Cherokee lands within its state. The state ignored the Cherokee treaty. Georgia asked the federal government to use the Indian Removal Act to take the Cherokee’s land. The Cherokee took the matter to the U.S. Supreme Court. In this case, called _______________________, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Cherokee owned the land. He said that the state of Georgia could not take it.

• Marbury v. Madison

• Gibbons v. Ogden

• McCullloch v. Maryland

• Worcester v. Georgia

President Jackson disagreed with the Court’s ruling In Worcester v. Georgia. He supported Georgia's efforts to remove the ______________________. In other words, he didn't want to enforce the Supreme Court's ruling.

• Navajos

• Creek

• Cherokees

• Seminoles

small group of Cherokee. In the Treaty of ___________________, this small group promised that all the Cherokee would move by 1838. However, Cherokee chief John Ross and most of the Cherokee leaders had not signed this treaty.

• Paris

• New Echota

• Ghent

• Versailles

Cherokee chief __________________________ and most of the Cherokee leaders had not signed the Treaty of New Echota. For this reason, Ross did not think the treaty could be enforced. Some members of Congress agreed. But most sided with Jackson, and the treaty was approved and became law.

• Little Turtle

• John Calhoun

• Henry Clay

• John Ross

In 1838, President __________________ sent the army to force the Cherokee off their land and into a new territory west of the Mississippi River. It was called the Indian Territory in the present-day state of Oklahoma.

• Andrew Jackson

• Martin Van Buren

• John Quincy Adams

• Abraham Lincoln

The Cherokee were forced to travel from their homes in Georgia to the Indian Territory. Losing their homes and taking this long and difficult journey greatly saddened the Native Americans. Many died waiting for the journey to begin. Thousands more died along the way. Their journey was later called the ______________________________.

• Trail of Tears

• Trail of Sorrow

• Trail of Death

• Trail of Hope