2013-2023 Chapter 11 - Introduction to Genetics

Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study

• flowering.
• the inheritance of traits.
• gamete formation.
• cross-pollination.

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Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits

• are true-breeding.
• make up the parental generation.
• make up the F2 generation.
• are called hybrids.

Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are

• not inherited by offspring.
• inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring.
• determined by dominant factors only.
• determined by recessive factors only.

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When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited

• an allele for tallness from each parent.
• an allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele for shortness from the short parent.
• an allele for shortness from each parent.
• an allele from only the tall parent.

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The principle of dominance states that

• all alleles are dominant.
• all alleles are recessive.
• some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
• alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.

When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all the offspring were tall because

• the allele for tall plants is recessive.
• the allele for short plants is dominant.
• the allele for tall plants is dominant.
• they were true-breeding like their parents.

When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?

• 0.5
• 0.25
• 0.125
• 1

The principles of probability can be used to

• predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses.
• determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.
• predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses.
• decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.

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Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

• hybrid.
• heterozygous.
• homozygous.
• dominant.

In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?

• About half are expected to be short.

• About half are expected to be tall.

• All are expected to be short.

• All are expected to be tall.

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