Sociolinguistics

Bilingual speakers switch from one language to the other in the same discourse.

• Code-switching

• Creolisation

• Diglossic

• Interlanguage

Process (after pidginisation) speakers develop an elaborated code that can accommodate the full range of life's functions.

• Code-switching

• Creolisation

• Diglossic

• Interlanguage

Two languages or varieties of a language exist side by side, one is used for formal situations and the other for informal situations.

• Code-switching

• Creolisation

• Diglossic

• Interlanguage

Notion of a continuum between a first language and a target language - process of depidginisation and decreolisation.

• Code-switching

• Creolisation

• Diglossic

• Interlanguage

Two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.

• Languages in contact

• Linguistic relativity

• Micro-sociolinguistics

• Multilingualism

The structure of a language affects its speakers' world view or cognition

• Languages in contact

• Linguistic relativity

• Micro-sociolinguistics

• Multilingualism

Focusing on dialect and stylistic/register variation - "social dimensions of language"

• Languages in contact

• Linguistic relativity

• Micro-sociolinguistics

• Multilingualism

Use of more than one language, either by an individual or a community of speakers

• Languages in contact

• Linguistic relativity

• Micro-sociolinguistics

• Multilingualism

Speakers fail to convey their meaning because the the message's pragmatic force is misunderstood (cultural norms are different than in L1).

• Pragmalinguistic

• Sociolinguistics

• Speech community

• Contact zones

Relationship between language use and the social world, particularly how language operates within and creates social structures.

• Pragmalinguistic

• Sociolinguistics

• Speech community

• Contact zones