Biology, Monday Bell Ringer, 1.21.19

Mendel's Second Law. Allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation (meiosis). Meaning, different traits appear to be inherited separately.

• Law of Segregation

• Law of Independent Assortment

A heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Neither allele is completely dominant or completely recessive

• Incomplete Dominance

• Codominant

• Dominant

• Recessive

Codominance

• Traits produced by two or more genes

• A heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Neither allele is completely dominant or completely recessive

• Both alleles of a gene are expressed completely - neither allele is dominant or recessive.

• A.K.A. Cross breed. Result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds

Polygenic Traits

• Trait that is expressed due to 2 or more genes working together.

• Genes that are located on the sex chromosomes.

• Mendel's first law. Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene, one from each parent. Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the 2 copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation (meiosis).

• A.K.A. Cross breed. Result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds

A.K.A. Cross breed. Result of mixing, through sexual reproduction, two animals or plants of different breeds

• Hybrid

• Nicholas

• Quentin

• Hunter

Sex-Linked Genes

• Genes that are located on the sex chromosomes.

• Mendel's first law. Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene, one from each parent. Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the 2 copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation (meiosis).

• Trait that is expressed due to 2 or more genes working together.

• Both alleles of a gene are expressed completely - neither allele is dominant or recessive.

Allele

• Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.

• An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote. Only need 1 copy of dominant allele to show dominant trait.

• An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote - it is "masked" or hidden.

• The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. (Ex: PP, Pp or pp)

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote - it is "masked" or hidden.

• Recessive Allele

• Dominant Allele

• Recessive Allele

• Allele

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism. (Ex: PP, Pp or pp)

• Genotype

• Phenotype

• Genetics

• Allele

Punnett Square

• A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses between individuals of known genotype.

• The EXPRESSED/observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.

• Having two identical alleles for a given gene; dominant (RR) or recessive (rr)

• Having two different alleles for a given gene (Rr)