Unit 06 Exam Review

Which factor contributed most to the development of the Renaissance in Italy?

• City-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

• Nobles in Italy had been military leaders in the Crusades.

• The Catholic Church provided political stability to the region.

• The region had become politically unified under one Italian king.

The most immediate cause of the Reformation included

• Erasmus’ publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin’s establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

• Henry VIII’s plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment

A new theological doctrine that emerged from the Protestant

Reformation included the idea of

• good works

• salvation by grace

• sacramental traditions

• indulgences as forgiveness

As a result of the Renaissance, many European political powers were able to

• build an alliance against the Ottomans

• take control of trade in the Indian Ocean

• establish large overseas colonial empires

• eliminate the power of the Catholic Church

What economic change in Europe during the Renaissance facilitated the flourishing of art that characterized the time period?

• Introduction of paper currency that was in higher demand by artists

• Creation of a barter system that allowed artists to trade more easily

• Growth of a merchant class with additional income used to patron

  the arts

• Development of government programs that paid for the education of

  artists

Why did many European intellectuals admire the U.S. Revolution and its Constitution and Bill of Rights?

• The colonies’ ideas came from the ideals of natural rights proposed in the Enlightenment.

• Europeans were the ancestors of the people who went to North America to found the colonies.

• The U.S. Constitution was based on the constitutions of successful European countries.

• All of Europe wanted to be able to win a war as easily as the colonists’ had.

Italian city states were able to function independently because

• they were located on important trade routes.

• the Crusades enriched their treasuries.

• the Italian courts guaranteed their autonomy.

• Italy did not have a strong central government.

Lutherans and Calvinists did not agree on the issue of

• clerical celibacy.

• predestination.

• women's rights.

• papal authority.

Martin Luther believed that salvation could be achieved through

• good works.

• the purchase of indulgences.

• faith alone.

• faith and good works.

The scientific method grew out of the belief that the world is best understood through

• imagination.

• direct observation.

• the teachings of Aristotle.

• a geocentric view of the universe.