Unit #1 Government Review

The 3/5 Compromise in the Constitution settled

• how southern states would count slaves in their censuses.

• the number of years that the importation of slaves could continue.

• the ratio of power divided between the states and the federal government.

• how many states would need to ratify the Constitution for it to go into effect.

FEDERALISTS

-Wanted a strong central government

ANTI-FEDERALISTS

-Wanted strong state governments

-?

Which did the Anti-Federalists want?

• Bill of Rights for individuals

• Ability to amend the Constitution

• Division of powers for the three branches

• Preamble stating the purposes of government

Which example best shows the idea of “promote the general welfare”?

• army and navy for protection

• public schools for all to attend

• courts to settle problems and disputes

• new territories admitted as states to the union

“In a single republic, all the power surrendered by the

people is submitted to the administration of a single government; and the usurpations are guarded against by a division of the government into distinct

and separate departments. In the compound republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct

and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself…”

James Madison, Federalist # 51

What does Madison mean by “the compound republic of America”?

• The Congress would have two houses that represented the states.

• The federal government would be divided into three separate branches.

• The system of federalism divided power between the national and state governments.

• The Congress would represent both their state interests and individual citizens’ interest.

What does Madison mean when he says the people have a “double security” embedded in the new form of government?

• 1. State and federal forms of government

  2. Division of powers in both forms

• 1. Bill of Rights for the people

  2. Reserved powers in the 10^th Amendment

• 1. Popular vote for the President

  2. Electoral college to officially elect President

• 1. Bi-cameral legislature

  2. Powers divided between Houses of Congress

Which rights are included in the 5^th and 6^th Amendments? Select 3 answers.

• right to a defense counsel

• prohibition of self-incrimination

• right to a speedy and public trial

• prohibition of illegal search warrants

• prohibition of excessive fines and bails

Which is the best definition of democracy in its pure form?

• Each person has one vote and the majority rules.

• Representatives are elected by the majority of people.

• Elections are held on a regular basis with open candidacies.

• Political parties represent the basic beliefs and values of groups.

“God requireth not a uniformity of religion to be enacted and enforced in any civil state; which enforced uniformity (sooner or later) is the greatest occasion of civil war, ravishing of conscience, persecution of Christ Jesus in his servants, and of the hypocrisy and destruction of millions of souls.”

- Roger Williams

Based on the quote, why does Roger Williams advocate separation of church and state?

• The government cannot protect so many different denominations and beliefs.

• An established religion will lead to less debate and growth in society.

• Establishing one religion for the state will cause chaos.

• Mixing religion and government can lead to conflict.

Which of these excerpts from the Constitution describes federalism?

• The right of the citizens. . . who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied. . . on account of

  age.

• The right of the people to be secure in their persons. . . against unreasonable searches. . . shall not be violated. .

• The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases. . . arising under this Constitution. . .

• The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution. . . are reserved to the States. . .

“that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth…”

from The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln

The excerpt from the Gettysburg Address describes which principle of government?

• separation of powers

• popular sovereignty

• judicial review

• checks and balances