The tendency to exaggerate the impact of parents' child-rearing practices on children's personality development has been most characteristic of:

• behavior geneticists.

• Freudian psychologists.

• gender schema theorists.

• evolutionary psychologists.

Cell differentiation begins when the prenatal organism is a(n):

• zygote.

• fetus.

• embryo.

• single cell.

Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their:

• self-concepts.

• egocentrism.

• stranger anxiety.

• memory capacities.

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

• sense of object permanence.

• concept of conservation.

• capacity for habituation.

• secure attachment.

Jack is learning to understand algebra. He loves to discuss philosophical issues with his friends, and is exploring various religious beliefs. Jack is in Jean Piaget’s __________ stage.

• preoperational

• sensorimotor

• formal operational

• concrete operational

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of:

• conservation.

• assimilation.

• habituation.

• accommodation.

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:

• secure attachment.

• object permanence.

• egocentrism.

• stranger anxiety.

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

• preconventional

• authoritative

• formal operational

• authoritarian

According to Erik Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to:

• find intimacy.

• establish an identity.

• become autonomous.

• conquer their sense of inferiority.

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

• egocentrism.

• accommodation.

• insecure attachment.

• habituation.