Which statements accurately describe calories and Calories?

• A kilocalorie is equal to 1000 Calories.

• A Calorie is equal to a kilocalorie.

• A calorie is equal to 1000 Calories.

Which statements accurately describe calories and Calories?

• A kilocalorie is equal to 1000 Calories.

• A Calorie is equal to 1000 calories.

• A calorie is equal to 1000 Calories.

Meg eats an orange. Which statement describes the ultimate source of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange?

• Organic matter, rich soil in which the orange tree grows, and adequate water all work together to generate the energy that can be obtained from the orange.

• The orange tree obtains energy from the nitrogen and other compounds in fertilizer.

• The light energy that originates from the sun provides the energy to grow oranges, which contain macromolecules.

• The orange contains the energy-rich nutrients that it draws from the soil.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

The molecules in the food we eat contain chemical energy stored in chemical bonds. Which statement BEST explains how this energy is released?

• Chemical bonds in food molecules are broken, releasing energy and allowing cells to use the energy to make ATP.

• Cells extract and capture the energy in food molecules all at once, then store it for later use.

• Chemical energy is released as eaten food is digested, giving off heat as a by-product.

• Cells burn food molecules, releasing energy as heat that powers movement while keeping the body at the correct temperature.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Ned is making a model of cellular respiration. His model shows the pathway followed when there is enough oxygen available. What does Ned's model show?

• an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation

• an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation

• an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

• an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The process of combustion, or burning, is similar to the chemical processes that release energy in cells. Wood burns at a very high temperature, about 600°C. Which statement explains how the human body is able to obtain energy without becoming too hot?

• Low-temperature breakdown of glucose is enabled by enzymes that catalyze specific reactions.

• Both fuel and ample oxygen are required for fire; oxygen concentration is too low in the body to allow combustion.

• A large percentage of the cell is protein, which prevents rapid combustion.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The process of combustion, or burning, is similar to the chemical processes that release energy in cells. Wood burns at a very high temperature, about 600°C. Which statement explains how the human body is able to obtain energy without becoming too hot?

• A large percentage of the cell is protein, which prevents rapid combustion.

• Both fuel and ample oxygen are required for fire; oxygen concentration is too low in the body to allow combustion.

• The breakdown of glucose occurs in many small steps.

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The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select the statement that describes one of the two processes.

• Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

• Photosynthesis uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select the statement that describes one of the two processes.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen.

• Photosynthesis uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

• Cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

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Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and is an anaerobic process. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid. How is glycolysis kept functioning during cellular respiration?

• Two high-energy electrons are passed to the carrier NADH, which transports electrons back to glycolysis.

• Pyruvic acid from glycolysis reacts to form acetyl-CoA, which then combines with a four-carbon compound in the Krebs cycle and re-enters glycolysis.

• Hydrogen ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through chemiosmosis and re-enter glycolysis.

• Two molecules of ATP from the cell are invested at the beginning of the process of glycolysis.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

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