Free Enterprise and Industrialization

The development of the factory system in the early 1800s caused —

• a decrease in free trade between nations

• an increase in government regulation of businesses

• an increase in production levels

• a decrease in immigration

• Invention of the cotton gin

• Opening of lands along the Mississippi River

• Growing demand for inexpensive labor

Which change occurred as a direct result of these developments?

• A reduction in the number of skilled workers in northern states

• The expansion of manufacturing into the Southern territories

• A reduction in trade with European countries

• The expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories

Population of New York, NY

1840- 312,710

1850- 515,547

1860- 813,669

1870- 942,292

The statistics above illustrate population changes associated with —

• the rise of industrialism in the United States

• the establishment of a federal income tax

• a prolonged food shortage in the United States

• a lengthy war over disputed territory

Limited government, competition, supply and demand, private property, and profit motive are all characteristics of-

• Free Enterprise System

• Mercantile System

• Federalism

• Republicanism

Irish and Chinese immigrants are best remembered for performing which type of labor during the late nineteenth century?

• Building dams in the midwestern states

• Digging canals across northern states

• Building railroads in western territories

• Constructing bridges in southern states

How did the growth of the railway system during the nineteenth century affect the U.S. economy?

• By helping expand trade and settlement into western states

• By making it easier for people in rural areas to work in urban factories

• By helping strengthen the economic ties between U.S. and British companies

• By permitting faster communication between corporate leaders and their employees

"[The] production of goods moved from home businesses, where products were generally crafted by hand, to . . . production in factories. This revolution, which involved major changes in transportation, manufacturing, and communications, transformed the daily lives of Americans as much as . . . any single event in U.S. history."

Which of the following was most responsible for the revolution described in this excerpt? 

• Expanded public education

• Rapid technological innovation

• Increased government spending

• Rapid territorial expansion

What was one major effect of the opening of the Erie Canal?

• The cost of shipping goods on eastern roads increased.

• The number of ships passing through northern ports decreased.

• The cost of shipping goods from the Midwest around the Great Lakes decreased.

• The volume of trade passing through southern ports increased.

Which of these was an effect of the Industrial Revolution on U.S. women in the early nineteenth century?

• Women in unions gained bargaining power with employers.

• The government passed laws to improve safety for women in the workplace.

• Women seeking work migrated from rural communities to cities.

• State governments called conventions in support of women’s suffrage.

How did the development of the factory system encourage urbanization?

• Manufacturers produced goods to export overseas.

• Labor unions were formed to protect mill workers.

• Workers moved closer to manufacturing centers.

• Industrialists invested in cotton plantations.