Early Earth/Darwin Review

Miller and Urey's Experiment tried to show:

• Panspermia

• Chemicals in the right conditions could form the molecules necessary for life.

• Spontaneous Generation

• Abiogenesis

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Abiogenesis is also known as:

• Panspermia

• Spontaneous Generation

• Mass Extinction

The amount of time needed to decay ½ of a sample of radioactive isotope.

• Half-Life

• Light Year

• Parsec

• Epoch

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The most supported (by science) explanation of the beginning of life:

• Spontaneous Generation

• Panspermia

• Abiogenesis

• Chemosynthesis

The approximate age of Earth, according to radiometric dating of rocks from the Solar System (Moon, Meteorites, Asteroids)

• 4.6 Billion Years

• 10 Billion Years

• 3.5 Billion Years

• 130,000 Years

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The possible order of evolution:

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

The earliest "cells" were probably more like heterotrophic "protocells" that were little packets of chemicals (e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide) surrounded by primitive phospholipid membranes. These cells could not make the chemicals or convert them to any other form, but obtained them from the hydrothermal vent environment.

From those earliest protocells, it is suspected that LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) evolved with the rise of RNA/DNA. This the chemoautotroph (chemosynthetic autotrophs make/convert their food from chemicals) that is thought to have given rise to the Tree of Life - all three current Domains of life on Earth evolved from this one common ancestor (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya).

Eventually, endosymbiosis gave rise to the Eukaryotes when some Prokaryotes merged together at different times in evolutionary history (mitochondria, chloroplasts, and red algae remnants in kelp)

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The theory that some bacteria were consumed by early prokaryotic cells BUT instead of being broken down, they were kept to carry out processes like cellular respiration & photosynthesis (i.e: mitochondria & chloroplasts).

• Adaptive Radiation

• Natural Selection

• Theory of Evolution

• Endosymbiotic Theory

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The FIRST genetic material

• RNA

• DNA

• Amino Acid

• Peptides

Charles Darwin sailed on the

• HMS Beagle

• HMS Dachshund

• HMS Mastiff

• HMS Spaniel

What famous book did Darwin write and when was it published?

• On the Origin of Species, 1859

• Natural Selection, 1836

• On the Theory of Evolution, 1845

• On the Origin of Species, 1836