Chapter 16 Sections 1 - 3 2018-2019

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

• being preserved as fossils.

• providing humans with food.

• surviving in the environments in which they lived.

Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered

• if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species.

• if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species.

• if all birds on the different islands were finches.

Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands?

• artificial selection

• adaptation

• acquired characteristics

People of Charles Darwin’s time understood that fossils were

• preserved remains of ancient organisms.

• available for every organism that ever lived.

• unrelated to living species.

In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that

• all populations evolve through natural selection.

• past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today.

• Earth is a few thousand years old.

James Hutton’s and Charles Lyell’s work was important to Darwin because these scientists

• explained volcanoes and earthquakes.

• explained all geologic events on Earth.

• suggested that Earth was old enough for evolution to have occurred.

Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s evolutionary hypothesis?

• Change is the result of survival of the fittest.

• Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism.

• A small population size decreases the rate of evolution.

In an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on

• inheritance of natural variations

• inheritance of acquired characteristics.

• natural selection.

The hypothesis that all species are descended from common ancestors was proposed by

• Charles Darwin.

• James Hutton.

• Thomas Malthus.

Darwin realized that the economist Malthus’s theory of population control

• applied only to humans.

• could be generalized to any population of organisms.

• could be generalized only when populations lived in crowded conditions.