Formation of Rocks

Which of the following is NOT true about the role tectonic forces play in the rock cycle?

• When plates pull apart, rocks melt, and magma forms igneous rock

• When plates crash together, rocks are buried and form metamorphic rocks

• When plates slide over and under each other, the heat and pressure forms igneous rocks

• When rocks push upward and form mountains, the erosion of the mountains can produce sediment

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Which statement CORRECTLY describes the rock cycle?

• Igneous rock can only form by heat and pressure

• Metamorphic rock can only form by crystallization

• Magma can only form by compaction and cementation

• Sediment can only form by weathering, erosion, and deposition

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Water can break down some minerals in a rock, changing them into NEW substances. This process is an example of

• mechanical weathering

• chemical weathering

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The process by which oxygen reacts with iron minerals in rock to form rust is called:

• carbonation

• oxidation

• solution

• crystallization

Which of the following is an example of chemical weathering?

• Water freezes in cracks in a rock, breaking the rock apart

• Weak acid breaks down minerals by reacting with them

• Plant roots grow and split rock into pieces

• An animal kicks a rock down a hill where it hits another rock and shatters

Which of the following is NOT an example of mechanical weathering?

• A growing plan root splits a rock

• A bear kicks a rock over a ledge, causing it to break

• Frozen water in rock cracks breaks the rock apart

• Iron minerals in rocks turn brown and crumble

A chief cause of the formation of metamorphic rock is

• weather

• radiation from the sun

• Earth's motion

• plate motion

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For sedimentary or metamorphic rock to become an igneous rock, it must first_____________.

• Melt

• Weather

• Erode

• Freeze

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When rocks are broken down into small pieces, like sand and gravel, the pieces are known as ___________________.

• magma

• sediment

• peat

• debris

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Why do metamorphic rocks rarely contain fossils?

• These rocks are formed underwater, and the water dissolves the fossils

• The rock formation occurs from extremely hot magma deep inside the crust where organisms do not live

• These rocks undergo extremely high pressure or temperature changes when formed, which would destroy fossils

• These are usually formed from extremely hot magma or with severe lava explosions, which would destroy fossils