AP Biology Evolution Review

Using the cladogram:  a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have

• a bony skeleton
• four limbs
• scaly skin
• eggs with shells

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Which of the following is a true statement about natural selection?

• it is goal directed
• individuals evolve
• variation exists in a population
• acquired characteristics

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The wing of a bat and a humans' arm have different functions and appear very different.  Yet, the underlying anatomy is basically the same.  therefore, these structures are examples of

• geographic isolation
• analogous structures
• homology
• reproductive isolation

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A current challenge for doctors involves the bacterial strain Clostridioides difficile, which no longer responds to traditional antibiotic treatments.

Which of the following best explains why this particular strain of bacteria is resistant to antibiotic treatment?

• Mutations creating new alleles occur more frequently in this species of bacteria than in other species.

• The bacteria have high genetic variability and high reproductive rates.

• Crossing over during meiosis increased genetic variability in the bacteria.

• The bacteria are able to recognize and destroy the antibiotics by breaking them down extracellularly.

Answer explanation

These processes promote rapid evolution of a species. Bacteria can produce several generations in a single day; each generation produced under the severe selective pressures of antibiotics is more likely to be antibiotic resistant.

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The differences in sparrow songs among sympatric species of sparrows are examples of

• geographic isolation
• convergent evolution
• behavioral isolation
• mechanical isolation

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Darwin's finch beaks are an example of

• adaptive radiation

• divergent evolution

• founder effect

• convergent evolution

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The Tasmanian devil is a marsupial that resembles the North America wolf, which is a placental mammal.

• adaptive radiation
• divergent evolution
• founder effect
• convergent evolution

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variations in a population are maintained by

• mutations
• genetic recombination
• gene flow
• all of the above

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which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• small population
• no gene flow
• no mutations
• no selection

which of the following is not involved in natural selection?

• competition for resources
• differences in reproductive success
• inheritable variation in populations
• breeder selects traits

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