Ecosystems

Think of all the components that contribute to the flow of energy and matter in a food web. Which of the following forms the base of the food web?

• consumers

• decomposers

• producers

• scavengers

A population of salamanders lives near a stream. A severe drought dries up the flow of the stream. What is the effect on the salamander population called?

• emigration

• limiting factor

• immigration

• biotic factor

The Everglades is a wetland ecosystem in southern Florida. How have the Everglades been affected by human activity?

• Humans controlled the flow of water, which reduced the water, and organisms lost habitats and food sources.

• Humans controlled the flow of water, which increased the water, and provided more habitat for organisms and humans.

• Humans controlled the flow of water, but most of the Everglades natural habitat is still the same.

• Humans controlled the flow of water, but the amount of farmland decreased due to natural flooding events.

Fish lice live on host fish as a parasite. The fish lice feed on the blood and other fluids in the fish. What is the likely outcome for the consuming parasite living on a host?

• the host eats the parasite

• the parasite dies and the host lives

• the parasite and the host live symbiotically

• the host dies and the parasite finds another host

Alligators live in swamp environments that have abundant water, wet soil, and grasses. Fish and turtles also inhabit their environment and provide them with food. Which of the things are living in this paragraph:

• Water and wet soil

• Alligators, grasses, fish, and turtles

• Alligators, water, and wet soil

• grasses, water, and fish

Choose the words or phrases tho complete the sentence. Limiting factors cause the size of populations to _____________ or to __________________.

• Stop increasing, increase

• Stop decreasing, decrease

• Stop decreasing, increase

• Stop increasing, decrease

A forest ecosystem has different levels of organization. Choose the correct levels of organization of the ecosystem in order so the smallest level with the fewest things to the largest level with the most things.

• Community, population, ecosystem, organism

• Organism, population, community, ecosystem

• Population, ecosystem, organism, community

• Ecosystem, organism, community, population

Groundhogs inhabiting a meadow environment drink water and rely on plants, including clover, for food. Which of the following terms describe both the water and the clover that the groundhogs consume? Choose the correct answer.

• abiotic factors and biotic factors

• limiting factors and resources

• limiting factors and biotic factors

• resources and abiotic factors

The American Plains bison is a grassland species that eats mostly grasses. By the late 1800s, hunting came close to causing this animal to disappear from the western United States. In the early 1900s, landowners and the U.S. government took steps to save the bison. The graph shows data collected in northern Yellowstone National Park between 1902 and 1915. What information do the y-axis values on the graph represent?

• population size

• community size

• species birth rate

• population density

The American Plains bison is a grassland species that eats mostly grasses. By the late 1800s, hunting came close to causing this animal to disappear from the western United States. In the early 1900s, landowners and the U.S. government took steps to save the bison. The graph shows data collected in northern Yellowstone National Park between 1902 and 1915. Which of the following events could have caused the change shown in the graph? Choose the correct answer.

• Natural disaster and decrease in food

• increase in shelter and departure of bison

• decrease in hunting and increase in shelter

• departure of bison and natural disaster