Frogs living around a pond eat flies that are 3 mm in length. Flies range in size from 1 mm to 5 mm. The majority of the fly population is around 3 mm. Cold weather caused most of the 3mm flies to die off. What will happen to the population after this happens?

• The flies will move to another environment

• Fitness remains the same and the population continues to grow.

• The species will diverge into two new species. One that eats small flies and one that eats large flies.

• The flies will become extinct and the frogs will move to another pond

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Over several generations, almost all of the insect population was pesticide resistant. Which explanation would support this phenomenon?

• the insecticide changed the genetic make up of the insects.

• a mutation made some of the bugs resistant and fitness switched to those bugs who were able to reproduce.

• the insecticide caused the insects to become cannibals and they ate their babies.

• the insecticide caused the insects to become sterile.

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The phenotype, or appearance, of the rock pocket mouse was responsible for natural selection acting on its fitness because

• Genotypes influence the characteristics that are not selected for.

• Genotypes only influence every other generation.

• Phenotypes are passed from offspring to parent.

• Phenotypes influence the interaction of the organism and its environment.

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Two islands are represented above. What type of environment can you infer might exist on these islands?

• Island A is loaded with predators.

• Island B has selection against dark colored mice.

• Island A must have environments where both light color and dark color mice are selected for.

• Island A is a peninsula while island B is a volcano.

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Based on this cladogram (also known as a dendrogram) which organisms are most closely related?

• the gazelle and the desert toad

• the ostrich and the rattlesnake

• the Guila monster and the Chuckwala

• the desert toad and the rattlesnake

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When organisms can no longer mate, especially due to geographic isolation mechanisms, the outcome might be

• Speciation - the two populations can no longer reproduce.

• bottle neck - a small population leaves to form a new population

• Genetic Drift - many organisms move into and out of the population

• Founder effect - a natural disaster reduces the size of the population

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Investigation of the fossil record often indicates different organisms suddenly appearing with similar traits. One explanation for this would be ...

• A change in the environment where similar genetic traits allow for a greater chance of survival.

• The organisms are not closely related.

• The fossil record can be misleading and erroneous finds like this are discredited.

• The environment rarely changed so these organisms must be the same species but have non-random mutations.

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According to the differences in the chart, which of these pairs of animals are more closely related?

• Human and Chimp

• Human and Lemur

• Baboon and Lemur

• Lemur and Chimp

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The picture above is an example of

• Gene flow.

• Genetic Drift

• Natural Selection

• Punctuated Equilibruim

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The diagram above indicates that

• The ocean was replaced with many rock layers.

• What was once land is now an ocean.

• As organisms adapt, so does the environment

• Picture 1 is the most recent and picture 3 is the oldest.

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