APEH Unit 7 - Nationalism & Imperialism (Ch. 23 & 24)

How did Louis Napoleon believe that the people should be represented in government?

• By special citizens’

  committees that would watch over the work of political officials

• By special interest groups

  that presented the ideas and views of people to government officials

• By parliaments freely

  elected by universal male suffrage

• By a strong national leader

  whose reforms would aid all the people

What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?

• Abolition of serfdom

• Granting of a constitution

• Nationalization of church

  property

• Modernization of the legal

  system

Upon his election as president, why did Louis Napoleon sign conservative legislation increasing the power of the Catholic Church and depriving poor men of the right to vote?

• Because he knew that the

  legislation’s wide popularity would secure his authority for the foreseeable

  future

• To get the National Assembly

  to pay his personal debts and change the constitution so he could run for a

  second term

• To obtain control over the

  military, which he could then use to overthrow the National Assembly

• Because he needed to curry

  favor with the Catholic Church in order to convince the papacy to accept

  Italian unification

Louis Napoleon’s great success with the economy included which of the following?

• Encouraging new investment

  banks and railroad construction

• Developing plans for the

  rebuilding of Paris that ultimately were never carried out

• Increasing the size of the

  army to counter rising unemployment

• Passing laws forbidding the

  formation of labor unions

What was the Russian zemstvo?

• The new Russian parliament

  established after the revolution of 1905

• The institution for local

  government established by the Great Reforms

• The name of the currency

  issued when Russia adopted the gold standard

• The state-run investment

  bank set up to promote railroad construction

How did Sardinia and its monarch, Victor Emmanuel, gain the reputation of being liberal and progressive?

• Victor Emmanuel retained the liberal constitution—and its substantial civil liberties—that was forced on his father in 1848.

• Victor Emmanuel instituted a

  series of reforms designed to strip the Catholic Church of most of its land and power in the region.

• Victor Emmanuel passed

  legislation that seized land from nobles and redistributed it more equitably to the peasantry.

• Victor Emmanuel established

  the first systems of nationwide childhood education and free university education for those admitted.

How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort to unify Italy?

• Count Cavour publicly

  exposed the betrayal by the French, and French public opinion forced Louis

  Napoleon to re-establish its support of Italian unification.

• Count Cavour gained the

  support of the papacy and used pro-Catholic French to pressure Louis Napoleon

  to withdraw his support of Austrian claims in northern Italy.

• The industrialists building

  railroads in Italy needed unified states to manage the railroad system and

  financed and provided logistical support to the nationalists.

• The nationalist leaders in

  central Italy overthrew their local princes and merged with Sardinia, despite

  the displeasure of the Great Powers.

Otto von Bismarck’s Kulturkampf refers to his

• drive to make German workers

  more cultured.

• attack on the Catholic

  Church in the German Empire.

• attempt to stamp out

  anti-German attitudes in France following the Franco-Prussian War.

• 1864 war against Denmark.

What was the goal of the Prussian parliament in the 1850s and 1860s?

• To establish a radical

  program of land redistribution in favor of the peasantry

• To undermine the authority

  of the customs union that controlled trade policy

• To form a Prussian alliance

  with France as a counterweight to growing Russian power

• To establish that it held

  final political authority and that the army was responsible to it

Ottoman reformers launched a series of radical reforms in the nineteenth century known as the

• October Manifesto.

• Duma

• Tanzimat

• Reichstag