Otto von Bismarck’s Kulturkampf refers to his

attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire.

drive to make German workers more cultured.

attempt to stamp out anti-German attitudes in France following the Franco-Prussian War.

What was the goal of the Prussian parliament in the 1850s and 1860s?

To establish that it held final political authority and that the army was responsible to it

To establish a radical program of land redistribution in favor of the peasantry

To undermine the authority of the customs union that controlled trade policy

To form a Prussian alliance with France as a counterweight to growing Russian power

What event directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the serfs?

Russian defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905

The assassination of Alexander II in 1881

Why did Prussia and Austria attack Denmark in 1864?

Denmark was attempting to bring two provinces that belonged to the German Confederation into a more centralized Danish state.

Denmark sought to establish trade tolls along the narrow passage that linked the Baltic Sea with the North Sea.

Denmark established a series of laws that limited the civil rights of German-speaking people in Danish territory.

Denmark sought to form a political alliance among the Scandinavian nations as a counter to growing Prussian power.

How did Bismarck structure the North German Confederation in order to secure the authority of the Prussian emperor?

The emperor controlled the army and foreign affairs, and universal male suffrage permitted him to go directly to the people if middle-class liberals resisted his bills in the legislature.

The parliament was permitted only a minor role in the enforcement of legislation, while all new bills had to originate from the emperor himself.

The parliament had no right to override an imperial veto over legislation, while the emperor had independent control of the army and the bureaucracy.

The emperor’s edicts could be reviewed by the legislature but could not be overridden without agreement of the high law court, which was composed of individuals appointed by the emperor.

He believed that Russia’s industrial backwardness was threatening its power and greatness and implemented industrial policies to catch up with the West.

He believed that Russia had lost its roots in Slavic culture and sought to reestablish those roots in order for Russia to return to greatness.

He believed that Russia needed to forge a new path to economic success and adopt the radical land redistribution proposed by the socialists.

He believed that Russian agriculture was the key to its future success and collectivized land in order to apply modern, rational farming methods.

How did the Ottoman Empire’s efforts at reform in the latter half of the nineteenth century undermine the empire’s stability?

The reforms created equality before the law for all citizens, which increased religious disputes and split Muslims into secularist and traditionalist camps.

The reforms undermined the position of the Ottoman nobility by emphasizing industrialization over agricultural concerns.

The reforms undermined the growth of nationalism, which the Ottomans had planned to use as the basis of political loyalty and social stability.

The reforms permitted each region of the empire to establish its own laws, which destroyed the coherence of the empire as a whole.

How did the expanding right to vote in the late nineteenth century affect national politics across Europe?

Politicians and parties became more responsive to the people they represented.

Radical parties lost nearly all support as the working classes followed their middle-class employers into liberal parties.

Nearly all political parties sought to establish international parties that moved across borders to unite people of similar wealth and status.

The number of political parties decreased as a few major parties gained dominating positions in the political system.

Who was Theodore Herzl?

The founder of the Zionist Jewish national movement

The speaker of the Reichstag during much of Bismarck’s tenure

The creator of modern psychoanalysis

The German socialist author of Evolutionary Socialism

After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia

imposed a harsh peace on France.

imposed a generous peace on France.

asked for international participation in the formation of the peace treaty.

acknowledged its own role in starting the war.

Why did Bismarck enact high tariffs on grain from the United States, Canada, and Russia in 1878?

He sought to win support from both the Catholic Center and the Protestants Junkers, who had large land holdings.

He intended to drive up grain prices in order weaken the growing Socialist Party.

He hoped to break the alliance among the great grain-producing nations in order to isolate Russia politically.

He planned to promote a policy of economic nationalism in which Germany would provide all of its needed commodities.

Why did the conservative Bismarck pioneer the creation of an expansive system of social welfare?

He sought to blunt the attraction of socialism to the working classes and give them a small stake in the existing political system.

He sought to undermine the power of the landed aristocracy by building a political movement based on support from the masses.

He was compelled to offer greater social benefits so that German workers would not migrate to France and Great Britain, where such programs already existed.

He believed that social welfare programs were a government’s moral responsibility.

What was the greatest impediment to nation building in the United States?

Regional differences exacerbated by slavery

The lack of common ancestry among its citizens

The intellectual legacy of the American Revolution

What was the result of the Mexican War of 1848?

It exacerbated tensions between the northern and southern halves of the United States as debate erupted over the extension of slavery into territory acquired from Mexico.

It reduced tensions between the northern and southern halves of the United States by generating an atmosphere of renewed patriotic unity.

It provided a crucial stimulus to the development of cotton culture in the Southwest.

It left the South devastated and weakened.

What was the political goal of creating free, compulsory elementary education in late-nineteenth-century France?

To act as a nation-building tool in which all children would be taught secular, republican values

To prepare children to serve the state in wartime, either on the battlefield or on the home front

To prepare children for work in the industrial setting and promote obedience to managerial authority

To create a uniform base of knowledge that all children would be able to use in their professional lives

In the early twentieth century, why were extensive social welfare programs slow to form in Great Britain?

The conservative, aristocratic House of Lords resisted the formation of such programs until the king threatened to appoint new nobles who would support the programs.

Social welfare programs violated the broad idea of liberalism that was powerfully supported by the middle class in Great Britain.

Great Britain’s tradition of low taxes provided no income for such programs, which would require a restructuring of government finances and additional taxation.

Great Britain lacked the administrative system to organize such programs and the data needed to implement them.

When Hungary gained an independent status in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, how did it organize its domestic politics?

The Magyar nobility dominated both the peasantry and minority populations through the parliament.

A liberal constitution was created that granted universal male suffrage.

A radical socialist state was formed in which committees of workers had full authority to review the actions of the parliament.

The Hungarian military established a police state in which most civil liberties were sharply curtailed.

What was crucial to the success of Count Camillo Benso di Cavour’s plan to unify northern Italy in the nineteenth century?

A secret alliance with Napoleon III against Austria

The backing of Great Britain, Sardinia’s ally in the Crimean War

An agreement with Giuseppe Garibaldi to invade southern Italy

How did German Social Democrats recover their losses in the 1907 election and become the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912?

They took on a more patriotic tone and broadened their base.

They endorsed Marx’s call for a violent revolution.

They accepted trade unions’ call for evolutionary rather than revolutionary socialism.

They began courting Catholics in southern Germany.

What effect did the Dreyfus affair have on late-nineteenth-century France?

It revived republican distrust of Catholicism.

It revived the prestige of the French army.

It drove a wedge between Catholics and anti-Semites.

It fanned the flames of French imperialism.

Unlike other political parties, Marxist socialists

organized themselves into an international organization.

refused to seek electoral office.

rejected all forms of patriotism.

consistently sought the violent overthrow of national governments.

Why did socialist parties become more moderate by the late 1800s?

As socialist parties attracted larger numbers of members, they looked more toward gradual change and less toward revolution.

Socialist leaders saw revolution as a threat to their increasingly respectable social positions.

The increasingly radical and aggressive trade union movements frightened socialist parties and turned them in a more moderate direction.

Socialist leaders, like so many of their followers, became ardent patriots and grew as nationalistic as conservatives.

How did labor unions in Germany change in the early 1900s?

They increasingly focused on bread-and-butter issues rather than dissemination of socialist doctrine.

They became more radical as resistance to their demands by industrialists grew.

They sought to organize white-collar workers rather than industrial laborers since white-collar workers had more political clout.

They began to establish independent, worker-owned businesses to compete with those of the industrialists.

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of a socialist party in Europe prior to 1914?

The German socialist party talked revolution but practiced reformism.

Russian socialists tended to be the most moderate of all the parties.

The British socialists, although not Marxist in orientation, were formally committed to revolution.

The powerful French labor unions controlled the French socialist party.

Why did the possibility of a federation of Italian states under the presidency of a progressive pope disappear after the revolutions of 1848?

The cautious support for unification that Pius IX had offered before 1848 turned into hostility after he was temporarily driven from Rome during the revolutions of 1848.

Pius IX sought to remove the Catholic Church entirely from the political arena and to take a position of complete neutrality regarding modern political trends.

The College of Cardinals vetoed the idea of the pope assuming the position of president of a federation of Italian states as unworthy of the dignity of the papacy.

The rulers of several Italian states wanted the position of president themselves and blocked any possibility of offering Pius IX the position.

Who were the Red Shirts in the nineteenth century?

Giuseppe Garibaldi's guerrilla army involved in the invasion of Sicily in 1860

Union supporters of the German Social Democratic Party

Confederate irregulars who came close to winning the American Civil War

Russian peasants who rallied to the defense of the Russian Empire in the Crimean War

The Homestead Act, enacted during the Civil War, gave western land to settlers and reinforced the idea

of free labor in a market economy.

that the United States was primarily an agricultural economy.

that the United States was a land of immigrants.

that the United States was destined to become a major power.

The October Manifesto in the Russian Revolution of 1905 granted full civil rights and promised

a popularly elected Duma or parliament.

an expansion of the Russian Empire in the Far East.

a new alliance with the German Empire.

Who were the Young Turks?

Fervent patriots who seized power in the revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire

Religious conservatives who supported Sultan Abdülhamid II in rejecting European liberalism

Supporters of the Imperial Rescript of 1856 that called for equality before the law regardless of religious faith

Liberal Ottoman statesmen who launched the era of radical reforms known as Tanzimat

What did the notorious forgery "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" suggest Jewish elders were planning to do?

Create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Sponsor emigration to the Western Hemisphere

In On the Inequality of the Human Races (1854), Count Arthur de Gobineau divided humanity into the white, black, and yellow races and

championed the "Aryan race" for its supposedly superior qualities.

called for a new era of racial harmony.

claimed that eventually the different races would become a single race.

stated that nationalism eliminated any problems of ethnic minorities.

What did the Western world hope to achieve through the global economic system?

The largest share of gains from trade, technology, and migration would flow to the West and its propertied classes.

It would control and determine the national economic policies of nations across the globe.

Non-Western merchants could connect with the global economy and develop their own nation’s wealth.

The wealth of the Western world would spread to rest of the world.

How did the building of railroads in Latin America, Asia, and Africa facilitate Western economic interests as opposed to regional economic interests?

Railroad lines connected resource-rich inland cities to seaports to facilitate Western trade but did not link inland cities to each other.

Local economies had no need for railroads since they already had extensive trade networks.

Railroad lines destroyed regional trading patterns by offering more profitable trade with Western markets.

Local political leaders accepted huge bribes to permit Western railroads to build across their land regardless of the economic damage caused by the building process.

How was the flow of goods directed around the globe in the nineteenth century?

By new communication systems, such as the telegraph, that could direct ships from port to port

By letters sent between merchants and captains as ships waited in ports

By letters of transit that were given to ships’ captains before leaving, which directed their routes and activities

By networks of carrier pigeons that carried directions for ships across the seas

The typical European immigrant was

a small farmer or rural craftsperson.

The largest share of European foreign investment went to

European states and North America.

How did the British obtain the opium that they smuggled into China?

Opium was grown legally in British-occupied India.

British landlords in Ireland forced Irish peasants to abandon potato fields and grow poppies.

Opium was widely grown in the recently seized lands of Australia.

The British seized opium that was illegally grown in the Middle East.

Why were Jewish immigrants in the nineteenth century unlikely to return to their native land?

Violent anti-Semitism in eastern Europe

The success they enjoyed in their new homes

The high cost of travel back to Europe

What was Britain’s decisive advantage in its war with China?

Britain had control of the seas.

Britain had superior military technology.

Britain had superior military leadership.

Britain had greater financial resources.

Rudyard Kipling’s "white man’s burden" referred to

the white race’s supposed duty to civilize inferior, nonwhite races.

the social costs of industrialization.

the difficulties of reaching consensus in a democratic society.

the high costs of maintaining colonial rule.

What was the result of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885?

It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers.

It set the terms for the division of China into economic zones of influence.

It declared Africa off limits to colonization.

It established high tariffs to protect German industry.

APEH Unit 7 - Nationalism & Imperialism (Ch. 23 & 24)

Authored by Carl Keyes

History

10th Grade

Used 31+ times

APEH Unit 7 - Nationalism & Imperialism (Ch. 23 & 24)

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How did Louis Napoleon believe that the people should be represented in government?

By special citizens’

committees that would watch over the work of political officials

By special interest groups

that presented the ideas and views of people to government officials

By parliaments freely

elected by universal male suffrage

By a strong national leader

whose reforms would aid all the people

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?

Abolition of serfdom

Granting of a constitution

Nationalization of church

property

Modernization of the legal

system

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Upon his election as president, why did Louis Napoleon sign conservative legislation increasing the power of the Catholic Church and depriving poor men of the right to vote?

Because he knew that the

legislation’s wide popularity would secure his authority for the foreseeable

future

To get the National Assembly

to pay his personal debts and change the constitution so he could run for a

second term

To obtain control over the

military, which he could then use to overthrow the National Assembly

Because he needed to curry

favor with the Catholic Church in order to convince the papacy to accept

Italian unification

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Louis Napoleon’s great success with the economy included which of the following?

Encouraging new investment

banks and railroad construction

Developing plans for the

rebuilding of Paris that ultimately were never carried out

Increasing the size of the

army to counter rising unemployment

Passing laws forbidding the

formation of labor unions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What was the Russian zemstvo?

The new Russian parliament

established after the revolution of 1905

The institution for local

government established by the Great Reforms

The name of the currency

issued when Russia adopted the gold standard

The state-run investment

bank set up to promote railroad construction

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How did Sardinia and its monarch, Victor Emmanuel, gain the reputation of being liberal and progressive?

Victor Emmanuel retained the liberal constitution—and its substantial civil liberties—that was forced on his father in 1848.

Victor Emmanuel instituted a

series of reforms designed to strip the Catholic Church of most of its land and power in the region.

Victor Emmanuel passed

legislation that seized land from nobles and redistributed it more equitably to the peasantry.

Victor Emmanuel established

the first systems of nationwide childhood education and free university education for those admitted.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort to unify Italy?

Count Cavour publicly

exposed the betrayal by the French, and French public opinion forced Louis

Napoleon to re-establish its support of Italian unification.

Count Cavour gained the

support of the papacy and used pro-Catholic French to pressure Louis Napoleon

to withdraw his support of Austrian claims in northern Italy.

The industrialists building

railroads in Italy needed unified states to manage the railroad system and

financed and provided logistical support to the nationalists.

The nationalist leaders in

central Italy overthrew their local princes and merged with Sardinia, despite

the displeasure of the Great Powers.

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APEH Unit 7 - Nationalism & Imperialism (Ch. 23 & 24)

How did Louis Napoleon believe that the people should be represented in government?

What was the first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia?

Upon his election as president, why did Louis Napoleon sign conservative legislation increasing the power of the Catholic Church and depriving poor men of the right to vote?

Louis Napoleon’s great success with the economy included which of the following?

What was the Russian zemstvo?

How did Sardinia and its monarch, Victor Emmanuel, gain the reputation of being liberal and progressive?

How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort to unify Italy?

Otto von Bismarck’s Kulturkampf refers to his

What was the goal of the Prussian parliament in the 1850s and 1860s?

Ottoman reformers launched a series of radical reforms in the nineteenth century known as the

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

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