Psychology Chapter 6 Review

Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about which of the following?

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• counterconditioning

• latent learning

Which of the following best describes a neutral stimulus?

• stimulus that does not cause a response

• stimulus that causes an automatic response

• stimulus that has been learned

• stimulus that is conditioned

In what ways does classical conditioning help animals and people?

• It helps them learn complex or difficult tasks

• It helps them learn by watching others

• It helps them modify their behavior

• It helps them adapt to their environment

Which of the following describes the process by which a conditioned response is extinguished?

• Similar stimuli cause the same response

• A conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by an unconditioned stimulus

• Stimuli that are not similar to each other cause a different response

• The conditioned response is no longer paired with an unconditioned response

Under what conditions can spontaneous recovery occur?

• When the unconditioned response is extinguished

• After systemic desensitization

• When the conditioned stimulus starts again

• As a result of latent learning

Which of the following refers to a classical conditioning method that exposes an individual to a harmless stimuli until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished?

• Systematic desensitization

• counterconditioning

• spontaneous recovery

• Flooding

Through operant conditioning, people learn to control which of the following?

• Involuntary biological behaviors

• Unconditioned responses

• Voluntary responses

• Unconditioned stimuli

What is the process by which a stimulus increases the chances of a preceding behavior occurring again?

• Extinction

• Flooding

• Systematic desensitization

• Reinforcement

Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in which of the following?

• Classical conditioning

• Taste aversion

• Operant conditioning

• Discrimination

Under what circumstances can punishment be effective?

• When it is strong and consistent

• When behavior is punished occasionally but goes unnoticed the rest of the time

• When behavior is taken for granted

• When a child is physically incapable of performing the desired behavior