Meiosis and Heredity Pre-assessment

An organism's phenotype describes a visible trait, such as tall height, brown eyes, or black fur.

How does genotypic variation occur?

• Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during sexual reproduction.

• Genotypic variation only occurs during binary fission.

• Genotypic variation occurs when alleles are randomly sorted during asexual reproduction.

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Rachel grows pea plants in her backyard. Some of the pea plants have purple flowers, whereas others have white flowers. What does this indicate about Rachel's pea plants?

• The pea plants cannot reproduce.

• The pea plants can only reproduce asexually.

• The pea plants all have identical genes.

• The pea plants have genetic variation.

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When sex cells randomly combine during fertilization to produce offspring, there is

• a decreased risk of mutation.

• an increase in genetic variation.

• a low probability of survival.

• a high probability of producing a clone.

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Which of the following statements is true of crossing-over?

• The gene for eye color can be exchanged with the gene for hair color during crossing-over.

• Crossing-over contributes to genetic diversity or variation.

• Only one gene may be exchanged at a time during crossing-over.

• Crossing-over always results in a non-beneficial mutation.

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During meiosis, the process of crossing over results in new combinations of alleles because

• genetic material always mutates randomly during this process.

• genetic material is exchanged between chromosomes during this process.

• genetic material is removed during this process.

• genetic material is added by a third chromosome during this process.

Which of the following is a source of genetic variation in sexually-reproducing organisms?

• translation

• meiosis

• mitosis

• all of these

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A cell undergoing meiosis has 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should be in each new cell at the end of meiosis?

• 4

• 8

• 16

• 32

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During meiosis, each diploid parent cell divides _____ and produces _____ haploid daughter cells.

• once, two

• once, four

• twice, two

• twice, four

Organisms are able to reproduce either sexually or asexually. Which of the following statements is true of these reproductive processes?

• The sorting of genes during sexual reproduction results in a large amount of genetic variation.

• The sorting of genes during asexual reproduction results in a large amount of genetic variation.

• During every cell division in asexual reproduction, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half.

Which of the following can increase genetic variation during meiosis?

• the exchange of genes during chromosomal crossover

• the duplication of a gene caused by an error in chromosomal crossover

• the deletion of a gene caused by an error in chromosomal crossover

• all of these increase genetic variation

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