Sectionalism

Prior to the Civil War, which group had the most political power in the South?

• religious officials

• plantation owners

• cattle ranchers

• urban merchants

Why did the economies of western territories develop so differently from the economies of the Northeast and South?

• Western territories had limited land and a large immigrant population.

• Western territories had natural harbors and many navigable rivers.

• Western territories had rocky soil and a large supply of slave labor.

• Western territories had inexpensive land and abundant natural resources.

The growing importance of cotton to the South created an economy and a society dominated by-

• managers and professional people.

• industrial leaders.

• small independent farmers.

• large landowners.

What was one result of these regional differences?

• Immigrants settled in the Midwest to establish small farms.

• Cities in the South emerged as centers for textile mills.

• Slavery increased in the Northeast as industrialization expanded.

• Plantation systems in the South were replaced by large businesses.

What impact did the increasing demand for raw cotton by textile mills in the early nineteenth century have on the South?

• Farmers who worked their own land without slaves took an increasing share of production

• Southern plantation owners build their own textile mills

• The number of slaves working on Southern cotton plantations increased

• Southern plantation owners began replacing their slaves with more efficient free laborers

The main goal of large plantation owners was to

• build a larger plantation.

• earn a profit.

• enslave people.

• produce less cotton.

How did Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin effect slavery?

• Slavery expanded because slaves were hired to work in factories that produced the cotton gin.

• The cotton gin expanded slavery because cotton production became more profitable.

• The price of slaves more than doubled as a result of the cotton gin.

• The cotton gin reduced the number of slaves in the south.

How did many Southern slaveholders view the issue of slavery?

• Slavery was considered immoral and should be abolished.

• Slavery was considered a historical tradition that should be maintained to keep cultural ties with the past.

• As a source of labor, slavery was an economic issue.

• As a source of controversy, slavery was considered a political problem the federal government should solve.

Which inference is best supported by the table?

• The North depended upon foreign imports to feed its population.

• The South had a higher standard of living than the North.

• The South's population primarily lived in large cities.

• The North was more industrial while the South was mostly agricultural.

How did U.S. tariff policies contribute to sectionalism prior to the Civil War?

• Northern states benefited from the tariffs, while Southern state considered than an economic burden.

• Southern states benefited from tariffs on raw materials, while Northern and Western states disapproved of higher prices for imports.

• Western states wanted tariffs to pay for improved infrastructure, while Northern states wanted to reduce the national debt.

• Northern states gained European investment in industry, while Southern plantations had to rely on trade with Latin America.