7.8: The Renaissance and Reformation

The theory of gravity, which helps explain the movement of the planets, was developed by the scientist

• Copernicus

• Galileo

• Kepler

• Newton

Which of the following statements about salvation represents a belief of John Calvin but not of Martin Luther?

• Salvation is determined by faith alone

• God predetermines who will be saved

• Following the seven sacraments can lead to salvation

• A person can achieve salvation by performing good works

In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci's painting reflect the new concerns and techniques of Renaissance art? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• realistic depiction of human figures

• use of linear perspective

• use of bright colors

• focus on religious themes

Feudalism grew weaker when...

• trade and industry grew

• national monarchies lost power

• the Protestant Reformation began

• the power of the Church increased

What was the effect of Gutenberg inventing moveable type?

• The use of Latin in literature increases

• The Church encourages new learnings

• Literacy increases among ordinary people

• The first European universities are founded

How did growing secularism influence European writers during the Renaissance?

• They based their scientific ideas on the teachings of the Church

• They began to translate the Bible into the vernacular

• They wrote more books about non-religious subjects

• They translated Greek and Arabic writings into Latin

Read the quote from Martin Luther's 95 Theses.

"It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money-box, gain and avarice [greed] can be increased, but the result of the intercession [prayer on behalf of another person] of the Church is in the power of God alone."

Which important features of Luther's teachings are expressed in this thesis? Choose the TWO correct answers.

• The Catholic Church is the true representative of God on Earth

• The sale of indulgences leads to corruption

• God alone can grant salvation to sinners

• Charity and good works can lead to salvation

One of the Catholic Church's goals in holding the Council of Trent was to...

• halt the growing power of the Jesuits

• increase the number of Catholic priests

• proclaim that faith alone was needed to win salvation

• stop the spread of Protestant ideas

The astronomer Copernicus challenged traditional beliefs by suggesting that...

• the Earth moves around the sun

• the heliocentric theory was wrong

• gravity controls the motion of the planets

• the moon revolves around the Earth

Francis Bacon's contribution to the development of the scientific method was...

• rediscovering the writings of ancient astronomers

• using specific facts to make general rules

• inventing new tools to make discoveries

• drawing hypotheses based on mechanical laws