Motor Learning

Putting a ball in golf would be an example of what type of motor skill?

• Gross

• Fine

• Open

• Serial

The cognitive model assumes that three specific information processing stages occur in the following order

• environment selection, stimulus identification and brain response

• brain response, stimulus identification and environment selection

• stimulus identification, response selection and response programming

• response programming, stimulus identification and response selection

Learning in the associative stage of Fitts and Posner's model is best characterised by

• rapid improvements in performance

• some inconsistency in terms of accuracy and success

• high attentional demand

• the development of a rough mental plan

Researchers believe that autonomous learners demonstrate significantly fewer errors in a dual tasking environment because

• they are able to focus their attention more effectively on other sources of information

• their motor learning is complete and doesn't require further adaption

• they have high attentional demands informing their decisions in the game

• their practice is made easier by reducing the number of dual tasks

Rate limiters include

• transfer of learning from one activity to another

• cognitive psychology strategies which inform learning of a new skill

• dynamic systems informing movement

• individual, task and environment

Assisting learners in the Fitts and Posner cognitive stage is characterised by

• providing accurate demonstrations of the whole movement

• allowing time for the learner to experience only small parts of the movement they are learning

• providing the learner with lots of different instructions to assist their understanding

• teaching the skill in isolation, with no transfer of learning, to enable rapid improvements in performance

Distributed practice is generally more effective in improving performance when:

• the learner is in the cognitive stage of learning

• motivation levels in the learner are high

• the energy demands and intensity of the task are low

• the nature of the task is challenging and engaging

Random practice, compared to blocked practice

• is most effective when learners are in the cognitive stage

• establishes a basic movement pattern of the task for the learner to understand

• allows learners to solely focus on the requirements of the task

• provides an environment more closely resembling an authentic situation in a game

Extrinsic feedback includes

• auditory, touch and kinaesthetic feedback

• knowledge of results and knowledge of performance

• digital capture of performance by the coach

• self-generated feedback from the coach to the learner

A motor skill can be defined as:

• the ability to operate a vehicle

• being able to move your body through space

• an activity that requires voluntary muscular movement to achieve a reasonably complex predetermined task

• the acquisition of a movement through practice, instruction and feedback