3rd 9 Weeks Review

A river in Texas starts at a natural spring of water. The spring water flows up into an area that is used as a swimming pool, and then flows into a river a few miles away. Eight million gallons of water flow out of the spring every hour.

What is the relationship between the spring and the river?

• The water from the spring is ground water that joins the surface water of the river.

• The water from the river and spring are both examples of surface water.

• The water from the river

  and spring are both examples of ground water.

• The water from the spring and river are considered run-off

In some areas of Texas, rain water quickly moves through layers of rock and is stored naturally underground. The water is then pumped into homes for people to use.

What would cause the biggest change on the amount of water available to people in this area?

• long periods of high temperatures

• below-freezing temperatures for many consecutive days

• long periods without rainfall

• non-porous rocks to store the water

John was changing the oil in his truck. He dumped the used oil around a fence post to keep weeds from growing. John didn't know it, but he was hurting the environment because the oil —

• rots the base of the fence post and attracts harmful insects

• goes deep into the soil and pollutes the groundwater

• kills weeds and they are an important part of the environment

• attracts more insects that will take over his yard

A local gardener puts fertilizer on his plants. The plants are very healthy, but what is a negative effect the fertilizers have on the environment?

• Excess fertilizer is washed into local streams, causing an overgrowth of algae.

• The fertilizer builds up in the soil and causes more weeds to grow over time.

• The fertilizer evaporates, causing acid rain to fall on the neighborhood.

• The fertilizer causes an overabundance of producers

A student created a diagram of

farmland with runoff from cornfields to a nearby pond.

What was the student probably trying

to model?

• how acid rain kills pond plants

• how pond water is use to irrigate crops

• how fertilizers can get into ponds and cause algae blooms, reducing the amount of oxygen in the water

• how toxic chemicals from industrial wastes can poison pond water

Look at the model of a watershed with four parts:

1. Land Surface

2. Unsaturated Zone

3. Groundwater

4. Surface Water

If a gallon of a toxic chemical is spilled on the land surface, which of the following are likely to become contaminated?

• 1 only

• 1 and 2 only

• 1, 2, and 3 only

• 1, 2, 3, and 4

1 Look at the diagram of a stream with toxic chemicals flowing into it.

This diagram models how toxic runoff can pollute a stream and also

• produce acid rain.

• cause soil erosion.

• create algae blooms.

• pollute groundwater.

Homes are built on cliffs because of the great views. Sometimes the hills are built on strong, solid rock, but other times the top rock is lying on top of a weak rock layer.

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1 Hurricane Katrina had a dramatic effect on many coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico. The following pictures show a stretch of beach in Texas before and after the storm made landfall. What effect will the storms erosive damage most likely have on this section of beach in the future?

• The higher ocean level will decrease the amount of sand being brought onto the beach, making the beach smaller.

• The loss of vegetation along the coast will increase the amount of beach erosion in the future, making the beach smaller.

• The loss of vegetation along the coast will decrease the amount of beach erosion in the future, making the beach bigger.

• The higher ocean level will increase the amount of sand being brought onto the beach, making the beach bigger.

In areas where limestone is present underground, continued rains can lead to the formation of caves and sinkholes. Which processes are directly responsible for changing the limestone?

• compaction and cementation

• crystallization and erosion

• faulting and cementation

• weathering and erosion