Unit 9: Sectionalism STAAR

Sectional differences in the United States during the early 1800s were mostly rooted in differences about —

• religion

• economics

• the roles of women

• attitudes about war

How did U.S. tariff policies contribute to sectionalism prior to the Civil War?

• Northern states benefited from the tariffs, while Southern states considered them an economic burden.

• Western states wanted tariffs to pay for improved infrastructure, while Northern states wanted to reduce the national debt.

• Northern states gained European investment in industry, while Southern plantations had to rely on trade with Latin America.

• Southern states benefited from tariffs on raw materials, while Northern and Western states disapproved of higher prices for imports.

How did economic opportunities for free African Americans differ from enslaved African Americans during the early 1800s?

• Free African Americans could own property and had some rights, while enslaved African Americans had no rights at all.

• Free African Americans had no rights to own property, but could operate a business, while enslaved African Americans had no rights at all.

• Free African Americans had the right to own businesses and property, while enslaved African Americans only had the right to own personal property.

• Free African Americans could own and operate their own business, while enslaved African Americans could not own but could only operate a few small types of businesses.

How did both the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 contribute to differences between free and enslaved African Americans?

• The institution of slavery was allowed in some new states while other states allowed freedom for African Americans.

• Both compromises expanded rights for enslaved African Americans, but limited the rights of free African Americans in new free states.

• Free African Americans gained new rights to vote and hold office in new free states while enslaved African Americans lacked any rights.

• Both compromises limited the spread of slavery to east of the Mississippi River, allowing enslaved African Americans who escaped slavery to gain their freedom and political rights in free states.

How did many Southern slaveholders view the issue of slavery?

• As a source of labor, slavery was an economic issue.

• Slavery was considered immoral and should be abolished.

• Slavery was considered a historical tradition that should be maintained to keep cultural ties with the past.

• As a source of controversy, slavery was considered a political problem the federal government should solve.

During the heightened period of sectionalism of the early 1800s, John C. Calhoun became a spokesman for southern states by —

• working to repeal the Fugitive Slave Act

• compromising to stop the spread of slavery

• arguing in favor of a state’s right to nullify federal laws

• claiming that the Constitution did not apply to the states

Which southern city served as a busy port of entry for goods and immigrants in the mid-1800’s?

• Atlanta

• Galveston

• Baton Rouge

• Harper’s Ferry

Which geographic factor was common in the North but was lacking in the South prior to the American Civil War?

• Seaports

• Railroads

• Plantations

• Coastal cities

Which physical geographic factor of the northern United States most facilitated industrial growth in the region?

• Natural harbors

• Mineral-rich soils

• Long growing seasons

• Mild climate conditions

Which constitutional principal is the focus of the Nullification Crisis?

• Federalism

• Republicanism

• Individual Rights

• Popular Sovereignty