Text Structures Review 2025

Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors.  Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate.  Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not.  Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake. 

• Cause and Effect
• Chronological
• Problem solution
• Compare/Contrast

Tags

CCSS.RI.4.5

When Americans settled the Midwest, they were challenged by tough soils that resisted their cast iron plows. The Midwest contains some of the richest soil in the world, yet many settlers concluded that the soil was unsuitable for farming because they couldn't break ground. John Deere's steel plow changed all of that. Deere's plow was stronger and lighter than the iron plows people had used up until then. This allowed settlers to open up the tough but rich soil in the Midwest and unlock its agricultural potential. His invention became known as "The Plow that Broke the Plains," and it helped American farmers feed the world.

• Cause/Effect

• Problem/Solution

• Sequence

• Compare/Contrast

Dinosaurs existed about 250 million years ago to 65 million years ago. This era is broken up into three periods known as the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Triassic Period lasted for 35 million years from 250-205 million years ago. Planet Earth was a very different place back then. All the continents were united to form one huge land mass known as Pangaea. The Jurassic Period was the second phase. The continents began shifting apart. The time scale for this famous period is from 205 to 138 million years ago. The Cretaceous Period was the last period of the dinosaurs. It spanned a time from 138 million to about 65 million years ago.

• Chronological

• Sequence

• Cause/Effect

• Problem/Solution

There are many theories about why the dinosaurs vanished from the planet. One theory that many people believe is that a gigantic meteorite smashed into the Earth. Scientists believe that the meteorite was very big and that the impact may have produced a large dust cloud that covered the Earth for many years. The dust cloud may have caused plants to not receive sunlight and the large plant eaters, or herbivores, may have died off, followed by the large meat eaters, or carnivores.

• Cause/Effect

• Chronological

• Sequence

• Problem/Solution

First, pop out (remove) the egg yolks to a small bowl and mash with a fork. Then, add mayonnaise, mustard powder, vinegar, salt and pepper and mix thoroughly. Next, fill the empty egg white shells with the mixture and sprinkle lightly with paprika.  Finally, cover lightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for up to one day before serving.  What is the text structure?

• Sequence or sequential order

• Cause and Effect
• Chronological
• Problem and Solution

Choose the clue words that indicate cause and effect.

• next, after, then, first, last
• struggle, promise, problem, solution
• consequently, as a result of, so, therefore
• similar, common, compare, contrast

Tags

CCSS.RI.4.5

CCSS.W.4.2C

Choose the clue words that indicate compare and contrast.

• therefore, cause, effect, consequently
• later, then, next, Monday
• similar, different, common, on the other hand
• possibility, struggle, hope, problem

Tags

CCSS.L.5.6

CCSS.W.5.2C

Choose the clue words that indicate problem and solution.

• first, last, next, after

• cause, as a result of, consequently

• compare, similar, both, alike

• threat, difficulty, issue, solve, fix, help

Choose the clue words that indicate chronological order.

• first, next, finally, 8:30, after
• cause, effect, as a result of, because
• problem, solution, promise, struggle
• compare, contrast, similar, different

Tags

CCSS.RI.4.5

CCSS.W.4.3C

Katy Perry is a singer. Taylor Swift is another, but she likes to compose love songs although Katy prefers more casual. Which text structure did the author use?

• Description

• Sequence

• Cause and Effect

• Compare and Contrast