Evaluate 4th grade Earth

Molten rock is called magma. The illustration shows how magma can rise to Earth’s surface. As it cools, magma turns into solid rock on the surface. What type of rock does magma form as it cools?

• fossil

• igneous

• metamorphic

• sedimentary

Dr. Jones is searching for igneous rocks to add to her collection. She is interested in rocks that have recently been formed.

Where can this type of rock most likely be found?

• near a volcano

• in a deep cavern

• near the beach

• at the mouth of a river

Tanesha picks up one of the rocks from the classroom collection to observe it. She notices that she is able to rub off tiny sand grains and that the whole rock is made up of sand. Tanesha identifies this rock as sandstone. How was this rock most likely formed?

• The sand grains were under the pressure of the atmosphere and pressed together.

• The sand grains were brought together by the molten lava rising to the surface.

• The sand grains were carried by the wind and then were cemented together.

• The sand grains were buried deep under Earth’s surface and were heated.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Tamika creates a display for her science project on metamorphic rocks. She draws this diagram to show how metamorphic rock is formed. Which of the following best explains the forces that cause rocks to change into metamorphic rocks?

• heat and pressure from the magma

• transportation and heat in the layers below the rock

• pressure and weathering in the layers above the rock

• pressure from the above rock layers and heat from the magma

Eric uses a hand lens to look closely at the surface of a piece of granite. He notices large crystals in the rock that glitter in the sunlight.

What is Eric most likely seeing?

• minerals

• sediment

• fossil pieces

• metal pieces

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Tyrone is given a sample of four minerals. To test the hardness of each mineral, he tries to scratch each mineral with his fingernail (2.5), a copper penny (3), and a steel file (6.5). Tyrone writes the word yes for when he can scratch the mineral, and he writes the word no for when he can’t scratch the mineral. The results of his investigation are shown in the table. Which mineral tested is the hardest?

• calcite

• pyrite

• quartz

• talc

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Minerals are identified and sorted by different physical properties. Luster is one physical property used to sort minerals into different types.

Which of the of following statements describes a mineral’s luster?

• The mineral’s surface reflects the light.

• The mineral’s sides are smooth.

• The mineral’s streak is clear.

• The mineral’s color is gray.

Some minerals are harder than other minerals. Which of the following statements describes a mineral that is harder than the surface it scratches?

• Talc breaks into pieces when it is rubbed against the sidewalk.

• Calcite scrapes quartz and doesn’t leave a mark.

• Feldspar leaves a shallow groove in calcite.

• Graphite is used to write on paper.

Sam buys a mineral kit for his birthday. The illustration shows a tool that is included within the kit. It is used to test a physical property of minerals.

What physical property of a mineral is tested using this tool?

• cleavage

• color

• luster

• streak

A geologist finds a mineral that is silver, metallic, and breaks with smooth, flat, surfaces. Which three properties of the mineral are being described?

• luster, color, and texture

• color, luster, and cleavage

• color, luster, and hardness

• color, streak, and cleavage