Chapter 8 Study Guide 2018-2019

An oracle bone was

• the bone of an ancestor sacred to ancient Chinese families.

• an animal bone or turtle shell on which royal priests wrote questions to the gods.

• a bone of the great Chinese thinker Confucius worshipped by his followers today.

• a decoration worn by Shang emperors as a sign of the Mandate of Heaven.

The system of writing with pictographs

• was developed by the Chinese soon after they invented paper.

• existed in China long before farming developed.

• is illustrated by primitive drawings in Chinese caves.

• used simple drawings or characters to represent words and ideas.

Historians use the term dynastic cycle to describe the

• pattern of the rise and fall of Chinese dynasties.

• order in which an emperor's relatives had claim to the throne.

• process by which emperors chose those who followed them.

• steps emperors took to make sure their dynasty continued.

When a Chinese emperor held the Mandate of Heaven, it meant

• he could do no wrong in the eyes of the people.

• he was a god whose commands must be obeyed.

• he had the gods' support and approval to rule.

• he was also the head of China's official church.

The Chinese people believed that a dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven if

• an emperor died at a young age.

• an emperor mistreated his people.

• a ruler behaved foolishly or badly.

• a flood or earthquake occurred.

Legalism, Confucianism, and Daoism are examples of __________ popular at various times in Chinese history.

• dynasties

• heavenly mandates

• philosophies

• religious practices

According to __________, people need harsh punishments to make them afraid to do wrong.

• Buddhism

• Daoism

• Jainism

• Legalism

__________, or treating parents with respect, is one of the most important teachings of Confucianism.

• The Mandate of Heaven

• Filial piety

• The Mandate of the Gods

• Ancestor worship

Laozi, who is credited with founding __________, may never have existed.

• Daoism

• Hinduism

• Jainism

• Legalism

__________ called on its followers to respect authority, practice good conduct, and be a benefit to society.

• Buddhism

• Confucianism

• Hinduism

• Legalism