Evolution- Homologous Structures & Comparative Embryology

Humans, bird, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?

• The function of these bones is the same in all animals

• They have a common ancestor

• They live in similar environments

• All organisms resemble humans

What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

• They had a similar environment in the past

• No evolutionary relationship between the groups

• Evolution from a distant common ancestor

These structures shown are

• homologous

• heterologous

• vestigial

• analogous

According to this cladogram, which species is most closely related to humans?

• Kangaroo

• Turtle

• Salamander

• Shark

According to this cladogram, which species have amniotic eggs in common (amniota)?

• Humans & Kangaroos

• Salamanders & Frogs

• Human, Kangaroos, and Turtles

• Just Turtles

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• Very similar DNA sequence

• No proteins in common

• Exactly the same DNA sequence

• Completely different DNA sequence

In the earliest stages of development of a chicken and a fish, the offspring have gill slits and a tail. What are we studying here?

• Fossil evidence

• Analogous Structures

• Molecular evidence

• Comparing embryo structures

Similarities in bone arrangements, like those in the picture, support the hypothesis that...

• These organisms are not well adapted

• These organisms share a common ancestor

• These organisms all share the same DNA sequence

• These organism are all members of the same species

According to the Theory of Evolution, most present day species of organisms...

• descended from earlier, different species of organisms

• Developed from fossils of the other organisms

• Have always existed in the form they have today

Homologous structures, similar embryos, and shared genetic DNA sequences are used to show...

• Have similar structures but are not closely related

• Have different structures but are closely related

• Have a common ancestor in the evolutionary history

• Have no evolutionary relationship