AP Evolution 19

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?

• Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
• Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
• Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
• Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which statement is not supported by the theory of evolution by natural selection?

• The individuals with adaptations to their specific environment tend to leave the most offspring.

• Individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring

• Populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.

• Individuals can change themselves to survive in their environment. By adapting in this ways, they evolve.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which statement correctly explains how resistance to penicillin appeared after a few years of its widespread use to fight bacterial infection? 

• in order to survive exposure to penicillin, bacteria developed a resistance to the drug 
• a few bacteria became resistant to penicillin, and through sexual reproduction , most bacteria acquired the resistance
• penicillin never really successfully wiped out populations of bacteria, scientist did not use proper controls in their studies
• some bacteria were resistant to penicillin and their population spread rapidly, without competition from bacteria that were killed by penicillin

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high ___.

• sexuality

• mutation rate

• fitness

• adaptability

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of the following is not involved in natural selection?

• competition for resources

• differences in reproductive success

• inheritable variation in populations

• lack of mutation over several generations

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)

• close relative
• early ancestor
• unrelated organism
• embryological stage

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

• the wings of a red-tailed hawk
• the hind limbs of a house cat
• the fins of sharks
• the tailbone of a human

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?

• Fossil A and C are the same age
  
• Fossil B is older than fossil C
• Fossils A is older than fossil B
• Fossil D is older than fossil C

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?

• species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor
• species A evolved independently of species B for a long period
• species A is younger than species B
• species A is older than species B

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -

• Fur
• Claws or nails
• Lungs
• Jaws

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2