Atlantic Revolutions-AP

Which of the following events that occurred that year BEST supports that contention that Historians often consider 1812 a turning point in the history of Napoleonic France?

• Napoleon’s invasion of Russia resulted in Moscow’s destruction, but he was forced to withdraw.

• Switzerland and the Ottoman empire remained neutral, weakening Napoleon’s control of the continent.

• Great Britain’s blockade of European ports failed.

• American intervention as Great Britain’s ally forced Napoleon into exile.

Which of the following represents the most significant cause for the unification of Germany in the nineteenth century?

• The strength of the Austrian Hapsburg empire was a threat to Germany if unification did not occur.

• German pacifism and withdrawal from the international scene allowed for focus on unification.

• The Germans provoked wars with three neighboring countries to strengthen German nationalism.

• Speeches and elections had served to help unify the German people in 1848 and 1849.

Which of the following BEST describes a significant influence on the time frame for Italian political unification?

• Massive Italian immigration to the Americas and Australia included many potential revolutionaries that weakened the process toward unification.

• Civil war erupted and the drive to unify the country was successfully resisted by several Italian states.

• Austrian and Spanish power blocked attempts to unify Italy, and the country remained divided into a variety of small states until the early twentieth century.

• The last of the Italian lands to renounce independence and join the new nation was the Papal States, where the Roman Catholic Church resisted unification.

Which of the following describes a major change that occurred as a result of the Haitian revolution?

• Five hundred gens de couleur were dispatched to British North America to assist the rebellious Americans against the British and they return to Haiti to serve as a militia for the white colonists.

• Haiti became the only republic founded from the result of a slave revolt.

• Intervention by the French, British, and Spanish successfully protected the interests of French planters in Saint-Domingue, later Haiti.

• The gens de couleur (French for “people of color”), free mulattos and blacks, were wiped out by an alliance of French settlers and slaves that they armed.

Whose philosophy greatly influenced the creation of a political structure where the government drew its authority from “the consent of the governed” and is the basis for the contractual view of the Declaration of Independence?

• Edmund Burke.

• John Locke.

• John Stuart Mill.

• William Wilberforce.

Most revolutions produce a strong leading figure; the French Revolution allowed which of the following to assume great power?

• Jean Lafitte

• King Louis XVI

• Lafayette

• Robespierre

Which of the following were similar reasons for rebellion between the French Revolution and the American Revolution?

• New proposed political structures

• The privileges and influence of religious leaders

• Transformation of the social class structure

• Unfair systems of taxation

Which of the following was the basis for the intellectual concepts of the eighteenth-century political foundations?

• Mercantilism

• The Enlightenment

• the Reconquista

• The Reformation

Which of the following was least likely an influence for the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) led by Toussaint Louverture?

• Other successful slavery uprisings

• Social reforms spreading across Europe.

• The ideals of the Enlightenment.

• The American and French revolutions.

Which of the following best refers to Saint-Domingue's importance to France?

• It was a buffer to the Spanish colonial presence in the Caribbean.

• It was connected to the African slave trade network.

• The island's location was of a strategic military position in the western hemisphere.

• The plantation crops grown on the island generated wealth.