Unit 5 AP Biology Review

Which of the following representations best shows a portion of an axon at rest (before or after an action potential)?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS2-5

Glucose is rarely present in the urine excreted by individuals who do not have diabetes. This is primarily due to the fact that when blood glucose levels are too high, insulin is released from the pancreas, which causes the uptake of glucose by cells. However, in individuals with a certain type of diabetes, glucose is frequently present in the urine.. Which of the following is the most likely effect of high blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes?

• When glucose levels are abnormally high, the blood becomes saturated with glucose and it is excreted by the kidney.

• The kidneys actively add glucose to the urine when its levels are high to replace the insulin that is normally excreted.

• The lack of insulin prevents its targets in the kidneys from being stimulated to absorb glucose

• The abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood results in are counterbalanced by a high release of insulin from the pancreas and then released in the blood.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following accurately expresses the direction and flow of a signal through a neuron. (left to right = presynaptic->postsynaptic)

• 
• 
• 
• 

Which of the following body systems is responsible for eliminating waste? (select all that apply)

• Digestive

• Nervous

• Respiratory

• Endocrine

• Excretory

Which of the following body systems is responsible for "communication?"

• Nervous

• Excretory

• Endocrine

• Circulatory

What are B cells?

• Cells manufactured in the bone marrow that create antibodies for isolating and destroying invading bacteria and viruses.

• A type of lymphocyte that kills infected body cells and cancer cells

• A type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.

• A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.

What is an antibody

• A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.

• Chemical released by the immune system that must communicate with the brain.

• A protein produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

• A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

What happens in the depolarization phase of an action potential?

• More Na+ channels open so that NA+ enters the cell and the interior becomes more positive

• the inside of the neuron is negative

• a stimulus triggers the opening of a few NA+ channels making the neuron less negative

• NA+ channels close and the K+ channels open

Which of the following is a non-specific immune response?

• Helper T cells

• Killer Lymphocytes

• Skin

• Histamine release

• B cells

Macrophages are large white blood cells that can engulf foreign substances containing antigens. Both macrophages and lymphocytes, such as T cells, appear together at the site of infection. Which statement best explains how macrophages initiate an immune response when a new antigen is first encountered?

• Macrophages incorporate the antigen into their genetic material and produce a large number of identical macrophages that are programmed to destroy that specific antigen

• Macrophages present the antigen directly to a memory B cell that produces antibodies programmed to destroy that specific antigen.

• Macrophages present the antigen to helper T cells, which activate B cells to produce plasma cells, and the plasma cells release antibodies that identify and help destroy that specific antigen

• Macrophages present fragments of the antigen to other macrophages, which are able to seek out and destroy the antigen by releasing helper T cells that engulf that specific antigen