CSPQUIZ1

According to Moore’s Law, increases in technological performance should approximately double every year? If this holds true, how much can performance be expected to increase over 5 years?

• 10 times as much

• 100 times as much

• 32 times as much

• 16 times as much

Which of the following best defines confidentiality in context with information and data?

• The ability to limit access to information to a certain set of users

• The certainty that information is accurate

• The confirmation that a company will not sell your information to others

• The reliability of access to information

Number systems with different bases such as binary (base-2) and decimal (base-10) are all used to view and represent digital data.

Which of the following is NOT true about representing digital data?

• At one of the lowest levels of abstraction, all digital data can be represented in binary using only combinations of the digits zero and one.

• The same value (number) can have a different representation depending on the number system used to represent it.

• Groups of bits can be used to represent abstractions, including but not limited to numbers and characters.

• Some large numbers cannot be represented in binary and can only be represented in decimal.

The colors of the pixels in a digital image are often represented by red, green, and blue values between 0 and 255 (an RGB triplet). A photographer is manipulating a digital image to lighten it because all of the RGB values in the image are less than 100, making it very dark. He does this by adding 20 to the R, G, and B values of each pixel, then overwriting the original image. What type of transformation is the photographer using on the digital image?

• Lossless transformation

• Lossy transformation

• Multiband transformation

• Chrome Sampling transformation

A compression scheme for long strings of bits called run-length encoding is described as follows:

Rather than record each 0 and 1 individually, instead record "runs" of bits by storing the number of consecutive 1s and 0s that appear.

Since it's binary, any run of 0s must be followed by a run of 1s (even if the run is only 1-bit long) and vice versa. Thus, you can store a list of small numbers that represents the alternating runs of 0s and 1s. The image above is an example:

To uncompress the data back into its original binary state, you simply reverse the process. This technique is an example of what type of compression?

• Lossy compression

• Lossless compression

• Fast Fourier Transform compression

• Tailored compression

A raw digital sound file samples a sound wave at some interval and measures the height of the wave at each point. Thus, raw sound is recorded as a list of numbers.

In very broad terms the MP3 audio compression algorithm identifies frequencies and volume levels - low and high - that are outside the range of human hearing and removes the data representing these frequencies from the original. This technique results in a smaller audio file that sounds exactly the same to the human ear.

This technique is an example of what type of compression?

• Lossy compression

• Lossless compression

• Fast Fourier Transform compression

• Tailored compression

The image below shows an encoding for a black and white pixel image. The first two bytes of the data (circled in red) are used to encode the width and height of the image.

What is the best term for this type of "data about the data"?

• Megadata

• Superdata

• Metadata

• Predata

A pixel is

• a sprite
• the colors in an image
• the smallest point on a digital image
• a collection of colors

PNG is a

• Image format
• High-level programming language used to make mobile applications, or apps
• Coding festival
• Internet meme

jpg is a

• 4 color high glossy photograph
• type of machine language
• free online editing tool
• file extension for a lossy compression file