Biology DNA and Mutations Review 2025

In a strand of DNA, adenine always pairs with which of the following other bases?

• adenine

• cytosine

• guanine

• thymine

• uracil

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The scientists responsible for discovering the double helix shape of DNA are

• Francis Crick

• Rosalind Franklin

• James Watson

• Maurice Wilkins

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The scientists responsible for discovering the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA are

• Francis Crick

• Rosalind Franklin

• James Watson

• Maurice Wilkins

Which of the following is NOT a major difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is double stranded

• RNA cannot leave the nucleus and DNA can

• DNA contains thymine instead of uracil

• RNA is single stranded

The central dogma states that information flows from

• DNA to RNA to DNA

• DNA to polysaccharides to DNA

• RNA to DNA to polysaccharides

• DNA to RNA to proteins

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Any change to the original sequence of DNA nucleotides is known as

• transcription

• mutation

• translation

• replication

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Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

• monosaccharides

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• amino acids

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Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

• nitrogen base

• ribose

• phosphate

• deoxyribose

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A nucleotide consists of

• a sugar, a protein, and adenine

• a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

• a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

• a sugar, an amino acid, and starch

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Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that

• DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix

• DNA and RNA have the same structure

• guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine

• thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine

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