Reporting Category 1 - The Cell and Cellular Transport

Some students used information they gathered from lab investigations to prepare a table. They entered the table in their lab notebooks. Which of these correctly identifies the two cells described in the table?

• Cell 1 is eukaryotic, and Cell 2 is prokaryotic.

• Cell 1 is prokaryotic, and Cell 2 is eukaryotic.

• Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are eukaryotic.

• Both Cell 1 and Cell 2 are prokaryotic.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Both euglena and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic unicellular organisms found in pond water.

The feature that distinguishes euglena from cyanobacteria is the —

• ability to maintain homeostasis

• presence of ribosomes

• ability to reproduce

• presence of a nuclear membrane

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Cells can generate as many as 36 to 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production?

• Anaerobic cellular respiration

• Protein synthesis

• Aerobic cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions.

Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?

• The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.

• The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.

• The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.

• The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.

Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules within a cell?

• Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses

• Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane

• The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles

• The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes

The cellular process known as the sodium-potassium pump was discovered in the 1950s by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish scientist. This process is a form of active transport that moves three sodium ions to the outside of a cell for every two potassium ions that it moves into the cell. Which of these best explains why energy is needed for active transport?

• Ions are negatively charged.

• Ions are attached to large proteins.

• Ions are trapped inside the plasma membrane.

• Ions are moved against the concentration gradient.

Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in

the mitochondria?

• Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.

• Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take

  place.

• Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.

• The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in

  ATP.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic

reticulum?

• The breakdown of waste material

• The conversion of radiant energy to glucose

• The synthesis of new proteins

• The decomposition of new proteins

Models of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and an animal cell are shown below.

What is the difference in the function of the glycoprotein structures of an HIV virion and the cilia of an animal cell?

• The glycoprotein structures are used for attachment, and the cilia are used to move fluids surrounding the cell.

• The glycoprotein structures are used to obtain nutrition, and the cilia are used to secrete proteins.

• The glycoprotein structures are used to provide physical support for the viral envelope, and the cilia strengthen the cell membrane.

• The glycoprotein structures are used for defense, and the cilia are used for locomotion.

H1N1 flu is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus. The symptoms of H1N1 flu are listed in the box below. An antiviral agent administered within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms can reduce the severity of the illness.

Why is it important to administer an antiviral agent to an infected person within 48 hours of the appearance of symptoms?

• The H1N1 virus is dormant in cells.

• The H1N1 virus replicates quickly.

• The H1N1 virus does not mutate.

• The H1N1 virus is transmitted through a vector host, such as a mosquito.