Keystone Biology Review#7 - DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

The process in which a strand of mRNA is synthesized by using the genetic information found on a strand of DNA as a template

• Transcription

• Translation

• Translocation

The process in which amino acids are arranged in a linear sequence through the process of transcription of DNA and to RNA and the translation of RNA to a polypeptide chain

• Transcription

• Protein Synthesis

• Translocation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The process in which a segment of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

• Frameshift mutation

• Point mutation

• Translocation

The process in which the DNA molecule uncoils and separates into two strands. Each original strand becomes a template on which a new strand is constructed, resulting in 2 DNA molecules identical to the original DNA molecule.

• Protein Synthesis

• Semiconservative replication

• Translation

The addition (insertion mutation) or removal ( deletion mutation) of one or more nucleotides that is not indivisible by 3, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal. The earlier in the sequence nucleotides are added or removed, the more altered the protein will be.

• Frameshift mutation

• Point mutation

• Translocation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A mutation occurs at the midpoint of a gene, altering all amino acids encoded after the point of mutation. Which mutation could have produced this change?

• deletion of two nucleotides

• deletion of three nucleotides

• insertion of six nucleotides

• insertion of twelve nucleotides

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which process helps to preserve the genetic information stored in DNA during DNA replication?

• the replacement of nitrogen base thymine with uracil

• enzymes quickly linking nitrogen bases with hydrogen bonds

• the synthesis of unique sugar and phosphate molecules for each nucleotide

• nucleotides lining up along the template strand according to base pairing rules

A genetic mutation involving a single base causes an error that affects the sequence of the next 500 amino acids in a protein. Which type of mutation could have produced this type of error in the protein?

• silent

• nonsense

• frame-shift

• substitution

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which type of change in chromosome composition is illustrated in the diagram?

• deletion

• insertion

• inversion

• translocation

Which statement describes a cell process that is common to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

• Both cells types carry out transcription in the nucleus

• Both cell types use ribosomes to carry out translation

• Both cell types assemble amino acids to carry out transcription

• Both cell types carry out translation in the endoplasmic reticulum