AP Biology chapter 14-18 review

Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because

• males are hemizygous for the X chromosome.

• male hormones such as testosterone often exacerbate the effects of mutations on the X chromosome

• female hormones such as estrogen often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X.

• X chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females.

Translation of mRNA into protein is initiated by a start codon AUG. What sequence of tRNA would pair with this codon?

• AUG

• UAC

• GUA

• TAC

Which of the following statements is true of linkage?

• The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them.

• The observed frequency of recombination of two genes that are far apart from each other has a maximum value of 100%.

• All of the traits that Mendel studied–seed color, pod shape, flower color, and others–are due to genes linked on the same chromosome.

• Linked genes are found on different chromosomes.

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

• 8%

• 16%

• 31%

• 42%

Given the parents AABBCc × AabbCc, assume simple dominance for each trait and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent?

• 1/4

• 1/8

• 3/4

• 3/8

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

A sequence of 50-250 adenine nucleotides added onto the 3' end of a pre-mRNA molecule

• 5' cap

• Poly-A tail

• Triplet code

• Codons

The DNA strand that provides the pattern for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript

• Template strand

• Triplet code

• DNA ligase

• Transcript

Which of these is not a part of mRNA processing

• 5' cap
• chromatin packaging
• 3' Poly A tail
• splicing

Transcription starts with ________ and results in ________.

• DNA / mRNA
• mRNA / DNA
• mRNA / tRNA
• mRNA / Amino Acid Chain

What will be the resulting mRNA from this DNA sequence:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?

• CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA
• GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT
• CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA
• CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG