#10 TEKS

Dear Stop ERA Friend . . .

In the face of all the pressure the ERAers are exerting this month, we need to remind all our Senators and Representatives that we are counting on them —

1) To vote NO on ERA, and 2) To resist all efforts to eliminate the 3/5th majority that the Illinois Constitution requires for constitutional amendments.

—Letter from the National Chairman of Stop ERA, December 6, 1978

The author of this letter was —

• a leader of the Civil Rights movement

• the cofounder of the National Organization for Women

• a leader of a conservative interest group

• the cofounder of Ms. magazine

In 1979 the Shah of Iran was forced into exile. The U.S. government later allowed the Shah to enter the United States for medical treatment. This perceived U.S. support for the Shah of Iran resulted in which of the following?

• Iran attacked a U.S. military base in Asia.

• Soviet forces began an occupation of Iran.

• Israel demanded U.S. support for the strategic bombing of cities in Iran.

• Revolutionaries kidnapped a group of U.S. citizens in Iran

The policy objectives of Reaganomics were based on the theory that —

• borrowing from foreign countries would help cover the costs of domestic programs

• significant increases in government spending would help reduce unemployment

• broad tax cuts and financial deregulation would promote economic expansion

• reducing trade barriers would result in a budget surplus

One action that influenced the U.S.-Soviet signing of the SALT I treaty in 1972 was President Richard Nixon’s

• opening of diplomatic relations with China

• involvement in the Watergate scandal

• support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War

• withdrawal of military forces from Vietnam

Speaker 1: A continuing proliferation of weapons will result in global war.

Speaker 2: Conventional arms are more important than advanced technology.

Speaker 3: The military draft is essential for combat preparedness.

Speaker 4: Increased defensive strength will discourage aggression by others.

Which speaker would most likely agree with President Ronald Reagan’s national security policies?

• Speaker 1

• Speaker 2

• Speaker 3

• Speaker 4

Selected Wars Between Israeli and Arab Forces

• First Arab-Israeli War, 1948–1949

• Six-Day War, June 1967

• Yom Kippur War, October 1973

How did President Jimmy Carter attempt to end hostilities between the groups that fought these wars?

• He helped negotiate a peace treaty known as the Camp David Accords.

• He deployed U.S. troops to defeat the Palestine Liberation Organization.

• He ordered the boycott of the Olympic Games in Moscow.

• He threatened to sever diplomatic ties with Syria.

Why did gasoline prices spike during the 1970s and early 1980s?

• A natural disaster impeded offshore drilling for oil.

• Congress imposed new regulations on foreign energy companies.

• Conflicts in the Middle East disrupted the distribution of oil.

• Congress introduced new legislation to increase the fuel efficiency of vehicles.

A few months ago I told the American people I did not trade arms for hostages. My heart and my best intentions still tell me that’s true, but the facts and evidence tell me it is not.

—President Ronald Reagan, address to the nation, March 4, 1987

In this excerpt, President Reagan is referring to what would become known as —

• the Iran-Contra affair

• the Watergate scandal

• the Plame affair

• the Whitewater controversy

How did President Ronald Reagan’s administration support Contra rebels in Nicaragua after Congress cut funding for military aid?

• By secretly selling weapons to Iran in order to raise funds

• By confiscating funds seized in drug raids

• By implementing a sin tax on luxury items

• By collecting tariffs on oil imports from Saudi Arabia

Let us take as our goal: Where peace is unknown, make it welcome; where peace is fragile, make it strong; where peace is temporary, make it permanent. After a period of confrontation, we are entering an era of negotiation. Let all nations know that during this administration our lines of communication will be open. We seek an open world—open to ideas, open to the exchange of goods and people—a world in which no people, great or small, will live in angry isolation. We cannot expect to make everyone our friend, but we can try to make no one our enemy.

—President Richard Nixon, first inaugural address, January 20, 1969

How was the goal set forth in this excerpt advanced during President Nixon’s administration?

• By the normalization of relations with China

• By supporting the Arab coalition during the Yom Kippur War

• By escalating the bombing of North Vietnam

• By attacking enemy bases in Cambodia