holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched

a temporary store for anything copied from memory

holds the address of the memory location currently being read or writeen to

stores the results of calculations carried out by the ALU

stores the instruction to be decoded

Memory Data Register (MDR)

a temporary store for anything copied from memory

holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched

holds the address of the memory location currently being read or writeen to

stores the results of calculations carried out by the ALU

stores the instruction to be decoded

Memory Address Register (MAR)

holds the address of the memory location currently being read or writeen to

holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched

a temporary store for anything copied from memory

stores the results of calculations carried out by the ALU

stores the instruction to be decoded

holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched

a temporary store for anything copied from memory

holds the address of the memory location currently being read or writeen to

stores the results of calculations carried out by the ALU

stores the instruction to be decoded

RAM is different from ROM in this aspect (choose 3)

RAM is volatile and ROM is not.

RAM stores the currently running program instructions and data, while ROM stores BIOS and bootstrapper

RAM loses content when power is turned off. ROM does not.

ROM is volatile and RAM is not.

ROM stores the currently running program instructions and data, while RAM stores BIOS and bootstrapper

The CPU sends to RAM the address to read from or write to

via the Address bus and the Data bus

via the Control, Address and Data buses

The CPU sends to RAM the data to be written (saved or stored)

via the Address bus and the Data bus

via the Control, Address and Data buses

The CPU fetches from the RAM the data (read from it)

via the Address bus and the Data bus

via the Control, Address and Data buses

In CPU's Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, Fetch means

instructions and data are transferred from the RAM to the CPU. (copied)

the instructions are interpreted to find out what type of operation to do

to carry out the instructions obtained from the RAM

In CPU's Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, Decode means

the instructions are interpreted to find out what type of operation to do

instructions and data are transferred from the RAM to the CPU. (copied)

to carry out the instructions obtained from the RAM

In CPU's Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, Execute means

to carry out the instructions obtained from the RAM

instructions and data are transferred from the RAM to the CPU. (copied)

the instructions are interpreted to find out what type of operation to do

In CPU's Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle, Execute means

IF calculations need to be performed, the CU will instruct to carry out the instructions

instructions and data are transferred from the RAM to the CPU. (copied)

the instructions are interpreted to find out what type of operation to do

Explain how program instructions stored in computer memory are processed by the CPU. (choose 3)

During the fetch phase of fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU requests the next instruction to be executed.

During the decode stage, the CU interpret the instruction.

During the execute stage, the instruction is carried out, may be by the ALU if calculations are needed.

The CPU's performance is affected by its clock speed, number of cores and the size of its cache.

The computer's performance is affected by the performance of the CPU, the RAM and the HDD, mainly.

What is the meaning of "multi-cored processor"? (choose 3)

A processor contains more than one CPU.

Each core has its own CU, ALU and registers.

Best for multitasking and parallel processing.

A computer has more than one processor.

All cores share the same CU, ALU and Registers.

What are the benefits of using a multi-cored processor? (choose 2)

The cores can work together on the same program to achieve - parallel processing.

The cores can work on different programs at the same time to achieve real multitasking.

All programs will run at twice the speed with a dual-core processor

If task 2 requires task 1's output as input, then dual-core processor is faster than a single core processor.

A program designed in the 1990s can also run faster on the multi-core processors.

Why cache size affects CPU performance?

Cache stores frequently used instructions to feed the CU at a higher speed than RAM.

Larger cache size means more instructions can be stored so that more chances for the CU to get instructions faster.

Frequently used instructions are transferred to cache from RAM before being fetched.

However, if the cache becomes too large, then it will take too long to find the right information, so the cache needs to be split into units e.g. L1, L2, L3.

Larger cache size will not affect the CPU performance at all.

A multi-core processor is always faster than a single-core processor. (choose 3)

False. Because the performance of a CPU depends on the combined impact of number of cores, cache size and clock speed.

False. The single core processor could have a better clock speed and cache size to compensate the core factor.

False. If the program is not suitable for multi-cores to work at the same time, then only one core will be used at any one time. Not different from a single-core processor.

True. Multi-cores work on the same program at the same time which is obviously faster than one core.

True. Multi-cores processors are news one and generally run at a faster clock speed.

What is an embedded system?

It is a computer system built into another device in order to control it.

It is a computer system built into another system.

It is a computer system connected to another system.

It is a computer system burried in another machine.

Why is a smartphone not an embedded system?

Because it has a general purpose operating system such as Android, iOS, Windows

Because it does not have a processor.

Because it does not have a RAM or ROM memory.

Because it does not have INPUT interface

Because it does not have OUTPUT interface

How does the embedded computer work with a washing machine? Choose 3

It monitors the water temperature so that it can turn the heating on and off to maintain the correct temperature.

It stores a range of preset programs for different types of materials.

It stores the program to control the stages of a wash- load water, spin, drain etc.

It dries and iron the clothes for the owner.

It hangs the washing out in the garden.

An embedded system is also a real-time system because… (choose 4)

it must ensure an immediate response in order for the system to react to different situations.

Any system that allows input to affect the very next output is a real-time system.

For example, when a button is pressed on the camera, the photo will be taken.

For example, when the temperature is low, the heater will be turned on.

J276 1.1 System Architecture

Authored by George Uk

Computers

10th Grade

Used 33+ times

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MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the purpose of the CPU? (choose 2)

to control the computer system hardware and software

to fetch and execute program instructions stored in memory

to store the instructions and data files that are currently running

to carry out POST test (power on self test)

To store the bootstrapper program

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is meant by a 2.2 GHz CPU? (choose 2)

the CPU has a clock speed of 2.2GHz

It can complete 2.2 billion processing cycles per second

It is the data transmission speed of the buses

It is the network bandwidth for the CPU

It is number of bits processed by the CPU

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Clock speed is (choose 3)

measured in Hz (KHz, MHz, GHz etc.)

the size of the cache inside a processor/CPU

the network speed for data transmission

the number of clock cycles that can be issued by the CPU clock.

one of many factors affecting the performance of a CPU

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which one is not a component of a CPU? (choose 3)

Control unit

Registers

Arithmetic and Logic unit

RAM

ROM

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which one is not a component of a CPU? (choose 3)

Control unit

Cache

Arithmetic Logic unit

RAM

ROM

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What does a von Neumann computer have as the key components? (choose 4)

a CPU

a program counter

memory to store data and instructions

input and output mechanisms

hard disk drive (HDD)

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the function (purpose) of the control unit (CU) of a CPU? (choose 4)

It sends out control signals to other parts of the CPU and to other parts of the computer

It has a decoder to decode the instructions fetched from memory

It sends the decoded instruction to other parts of the CPU to carry out.

It uses the control signals to coordinate the actions of the computer.

It stores the program instructions and data.

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J276 1.1 System Architecture

What is the purpose of the CPU? (choose 2)

What is meant by a 2.2 GHz CPU? (choose 2)

Clock speed is (choose 3)

Which one is not a component of a CPU? (choose 3)

Which one is not a component of a CPU? (choose 3)

What does a von Neumann computer have as the key components? (choose 4)

What is the function (purpose) of the control unit (CU) of a CPU? (choose 4)

Which one of the operations is not carried out by the ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

Which one of the operations is not carried out by the ALU (arithmetic logic unit)

Which one is not a special purpose register of a CPU? (choose 2)

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