Life Science Review 2019

Atoms combine to form molecules. Which of the following is another example of organization among living things?

• Tissues combine to form cells.

• Cells combine to forms tissues.

• Organs combine to form cells.

• Organs combine to form tissues.

Organisms can be organized from their smallest functional unit to larger functional units. In humans, smooth muscle is an example of which of the following levels of organization?

• Cells.

• Organs

• Tissues

• Organ system

Plants and animal cells share many of the same organelles but they differ in significant ways. Use the following diagrams to answer which of the following statements is true.

• Cell A must come from an animal because it has a large central vacuole.

• Cell A must come from an animal because it has a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane.

• Cell B must come from a plant cell because it has a large central vacuole.

• Cell B must come from a plant because its nucleus is located in the center of the cell.

Candice is examining a cell under a microscope. She has identified a cell wall, a nucleus, and a chloroplast. Which type of organism does this cell most likely belong to?

• A fungus

• An animal

• A bacterium

• A plant

Which of the following correctly describes an organelle that is common to both plants and animal cells?

• The cell wall provides structure and support. In animal cells, the cell wall is made of cytoplasm.

• Vacuoles store water and other materials. In plant cells, a central vacuole also provides structure and support.

• The nucleus contains genetic instructions and direct cellular activities. In plant cells, the nucleus also makes food.

• Mitochondria make chemical energy available for the cell to use. In animal cells, mitochondria also turn chemical into food.

Cells are often compared to factories or houses because they are made of parts that perform specific functions. Which statement best describes how the cell membrane is like a window screen?

• The cell membrane allows nothing into or out of the cell.

• The cell membrane allows water only to pass into and out of the cell freely.

• The cell membrane allows certain substances to enter the cell but not others.

• The cell membrane allows nutrients to move into and out the cell freely.

Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell?

• mitochondria

• Chloroplasts

• Ribosomes

• Vacuoles

During cellular respiration, cells break down sugars to release energy. In this process, water and carbon dioxide are produced as waste products. What must happen to these waste products in order for a cell to maintain homeostasis?

• They must be excreted from the cell.

• They must be used for photosynthesis.

• They must be digested and used as food.

• They must be permanently stored inside the cell.

How are members of Domain Eukarya different from members of Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria?

• Members of Domain Eukarya are less complex than the members of Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria.

• Members of Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria are multicellular, and members of Domain Eukarya are usually single-celled organisms.

• Members of Domain Eukarya have cells with membrane-bound organelles, and members of Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria lack nuclei.

• Members of Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea have structures for making their own food, and members of Domain Eukarya lack these structures.

What is Natural Selection?

• The process by which humans breed a species for certain traits.

• The process in which inherited traits of a population change over many generations.

• The process by which Charles Darwin noted the differences in finches while visiting the Galápagos Islands.

• The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.