2019 Cognition 5 part 2 Language/problem solving

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

• Heuristic

• Algorithm

• Belief perseverance

• framing

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently but may sometimes lead to the wrong conclusion

• Algorithm

• Heuristic

• Mental set

• Insight

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is phrased can significantly affect decisions and judgments

• Belief perseverance

• Algorithm

• Heuristic

• framing

• overconfidence

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

• Representative heuristic

• availiability heuristic

• confirmation bias

• framing

Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

• Belief perseverance

• Overconfidence

• Framing

• Insight

A sudden realization of a problems solution

• mental set

• confirmation bias

• insight

• belief perseverance

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.

• Availability heuristic

• representative heuristic

• Algorithm

• Heuristic

JoAnn is told that her history teach will be mean, rule focused, and quite loud. when she arrives to class on the first day JoAnn is somewhat surprised to discover her teacher is a woman. Most likely JoAnn applied ____ in her vision of her new teacher.

• the representativeness heuristic

• belief perseverance

• confirmation bias

• framing effect

Barnie's parents are divorced and several of his friends' parents are divoced as well. In a class discussion about marriage and compatibility, Barnie shares his opinion that the divorce rate is on the rise and that most marriage will not remain intact over time. It is likely Barnies opinion is influenced by

• overconfidence

• mental set

• availability heuristic

• belief perseverance

When Tom and Alice were dating, he learned that she liked to receive flowers after they had a fight. Years, later, Tom dates another woman and after having a fight, he stops by the florist to order a bouquet of flowers. Tom is likely affected by which cognitive occurrence.

• confirmation bias

• mental set

• availiability heuristic

• representative heuristic