DNA/RNA Base Pairs and Mutations

Which one is the material used to make ribosomes?

• DNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

Are all mutations bad?

• Yes
• No

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What is a codon?

• It is a three letter section of bases that are read by ribosomes to stamp amino acids into a protein
• They are the codes on the DNA (hence "code-on"
• It is a type of mutation that occurs when there has been a substitution, deletion or insertion.
• It is a made up word for this quiz. Nice try, Wampler.

What is the central dogma of biology?

• Proteins are made from RNA that assembles amino acids through DNA ribosomes.
• RNA copies all information for an organism onto DNA which assembles ribosomes, and creates amino acids from proteins
• DNA is the blueprint for an organism. RNA copies specific sections that need to be built and transfers that information to a ribosome which assembles proteins out of amino acids.
• RNA is the blueprint for an organism. It copies its information onto DNA, which takes amino acids (like lego building blocks) and assembles those acids into proteins.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only one the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

• The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.

• UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.

• Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.

• Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.

• yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype.

• Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.

• It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between transcription and translation?

• In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.
• In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.
• In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.
• In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Inversion

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Original: A A U U G G C C
Mutated: A U U U G G C C
What kind of mutation occurred?

• Substitution
• Addition
• Deletion
• Frameshift

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A frameshift mutation can occur with either _________ or __________ mutations.

• Addition, division
• Deletion, substitution
• Addition, substitution
• Addition, deletion

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2