According to these anatomical structures,

which two animals are probably most closely

related?

• Ape and bat

• Bat and bird

• Bird and cat

• Cat and wolf

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The five species illustrated most likely have

similar limb structures because they all -

• share a common ancestor

• use their limbs for the same functions

• occupy the same level on the food pyramid

• adapted to the same environmental conditions

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Which information would best help scientists verify the relationships among the organisms shown above?

• The organisms’ nutritional requirements

• The organisms’ DNA sequences

• The organisms’ migratory patterns

• The organisms’ population sizes

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Below are parts of mitochondrial DNA codes for the American black bear, the giant panda, the red panda, and the raccoon. Based on this information, which two species are most closely related?

• the American black bear and the giant panda

• the American black bear and the raccoon

• the red panda and the raccoon

• the red panda and the giant panda

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A protein extracted from a dinosaur bone is similar to protein found in birds. How does this discovery provide genetic evidence that dinosaurs and birds are closely related?

• It suggests they ate similar foods.

• It suggests they had similar DNA sequences.

• It suggests both existed during the same time in history.

• It suggests both had bones made of protein.

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Which process most contributes to genetic variation in a population?

• crossing over during meiosis

• chromosome replication during mitosis

• cytokinesis during cellular division

• duplication of chromosomes in asexual reproduction

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The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms. Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagrams?

• The organisms share a common ancestry

• The organisms belong to the same genus

• The organisms are native to the same geographic areas

• The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults

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The diagram represents one possible evolutionary change that could have led lobe-finned fish to develop into the first amphibians. Amphibians are animals that live on land some of their life. This change from fins on the lobe-finned fish to legs and feet on the early amphibian is most likely due to -

• a sudden mutation that changed the gills of the lobe-finned fish to lungs

• increased competition between animals that had adapted to living on the land

• the need to move to land because of increased competition for food in the ocean

• variations among offspring, followed by natural selection

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The sorting and recombination of genes during reproduction is important to evolution because these processes -

• decrease variation and help maintain a stable population

• increase variation that enables species to adapt to change

• decrease the chances of producing offspring that are adapted to the environment

• increase the ability of all the offspring to adapt to the environment

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Students used the three organisms shown below to study evolutionary relationships. Which of these structures are the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship?

• bat wing and bee wing

• bat lower jaw and whale lower jaw

• whale flipper and bee wing

• bat wing and whale flipper

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