Key Black Leader Turns 60 on South Africa Prison Isle

1. PART A: Which statement best expresses the central idea of the article?

• A. Mandela was widely loved and respected by the people of South Africa, until he decided to shift from nonviolent protests to violent tactics.

• B. Mandela was sad to see South Africa erupt in violence, as he had predicted would happen if leaders did not take his suggested course of action.

• C. Even though Mandela was imprisoned for his actions against the government in power, he remained strong and optimistic about the struggle for black equality in South Africa.

• D. Even though Mandela created significant social and political change before entering prison, his isolation from the world prevented him from further contributing and dampened his spirit.

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PART B: Which detail from the text best supports the answer to Part A?

• A. “One, from the United Nations Special Committee on Apartheid, saluted the men on Robben Island as ‘the authentic leaders of the oppressed people’ of South Africa.” (Paragraph 4)

• B. “‘We have warned repeatedly that the Government, by resorting continually to violence, will breed in this country counter-violence among the people’” (Paragraph 11)

• C. “Like other prisoners, he is denied access to radios, television and newspapers. Until recently, he took correspondence courses in economics and history” (Paragraph 16)

• D. “Mrs. Mandela said she sensed from what her husband had told her that he was ‘as up to date on things going on out here as anybody,’ and that he was ‘utterly confident’ that eventually he and all other political prisoners will be set free” (Paragraph 17)

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PART A: Which of the following describes Mandela’s approach to combating apartheid?

• A. Mandela was willing to use force in the struggle against apartheid, if the government continued to use violence against protesters.

• B. Mandela believed in nonviolent forms of protest, but often used the threat of force to attempt to control the government.

• C. Mandela’s belief that violence should be met with violence was only exaggerated by the time he spent in prison.

• D. Mandela was known for using violence to promote civil rights, but took a more peaceful approach to ending apartheid after his time in prison.

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. PART B: Which TWO details from the text best supports the answer to Part A?

• . A. “he was sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiracy to overthrow the Government by force.” (Paragraph 5)

• B. “Mr. Mandela offered his political testament, which has become a banned document, at his trial in 1964.” (Paragraph 9)

• C. “He explained at length then his decision to go underground and to lead Spear of the Nation, a sabotage arm of the African National Congress, which had previously been committed to peaceful petitioning.” (Paragraph 10)

• D. “‘ultimately the dispute between the Government and my people will finish up by being settled in violence and by force,’ he said.” (Paragraph 11)

• E. “Hand‐copied passages from the speeches were a common feature of the birthday letters and cards that reached Mrs. Mandela today, many of them from young people in Soweto, the sprawling ghetto outside Johannesburg.” (Paragraph 12)

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