Hargrave HS Biology EOC Review - 10B

Plant roots have extensions called root hairs. These root hairs are important in the homeostasis of the plant.

Which statement best explains the importance of the root hairs to the stems and leaves of the plant?

• Root hairs convert minerals into glucose for immediate use by cells.

• Root hairs decrease the need for osmosis and diffusion in vascular tissue.

• Root hairs prevent water loss in leaves through transpiration and gas exchange

• Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for nutrient and water absorption.

A corn plant produces both male and female flowers. The male flower forms the tassel and the female flower forms the ear of corn. The silks that emerge from the ear are the stigma of the female flower. Each silk leads to an ovule that can become a corn seed.

Which of these must happen for corn seeds to develop on the ear?

• More tassels than silks need to be present on the same plant

• Pollen grains must fall from tassels and land on the silks of the ear

• Pollen must be transported from the tassel to the silk through the phloem.

• The tassels must come into direct contact with the silks of the ear.

Fruits grown in hot climates are usually less sweet than those grown in cooler temperatures. The high temperatures increase the rate of respiration in the plants, thus reducing the sugar content in some fruits.

Why does increased respiration in the leaves and stems reduce the sugar content in the fruits of a plant?

• Chloroplasts move from the fruits to the leaves and stems to provide energy for respiration.

• The flow of nutrients shifts from the phloem to the xylem, moving nutrients away from the fruits.

• Sugars are moved from the fruits to the roots for storage.

• Sugars produced in the leaves are used as an energy source instead of being stored in fruits.

Invasive plant species affect the interactions of living and nonliving components of an ecosystem, so the removal of invasive plants is often necessary. The goal of most plant-control methods is to disrupt or inhibit the function of different plant systems. For example, insects can be used to chew through roots in order to reduce a plant’s ability to absorb water.

Which of these functions would be most immediately affected by a reduction in water uptake by roots?

• Disease resistance

• Seed dispersal

• Sunlight absorption

• Photosynthesis

A student reads this advertisement for a product containing a plant micronutrient that can be added to soil.

Based on this information, the student can conclude that boron is absorbed by plant roots from soil and then —

• transported to reproductive tissues by the plant’s shoot system

• stored in plant stems until the flowers are pollinated

• concentrated in the roots until the plant’s reproductive tissues mature

• transported by the phloem to the stomata in leaves, where it attracts pollinators

A student conducted an investigation to study phototropism in grasses. The only difference between the control group and the experimental group was light conditions. The control group was provided full light, while the experimental group was shaded on one side. The diagrams show the average heights and positions of blades of grass in the investigation.

Which statement best explains why the grass tips of the experimental group bent toward the light?

• Water evaporated faster on the side of the plant having full light.

• Light sensors in the grass tips stimulated a hormone in the shoot system.

• The xylem in the root system absorbed more nutrients from the shaded side.

• The side facing the light has a greater chance of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The part of the plant

that is generally

under the ground

and in the soil

• Reproductive System

• Transpiration

• Shoot System

• Root System

The part of the plant

that is generally above the ground including stems, leaves, buds and reproductive structures

• Stem System

• Leaf system

• Shoot system

• Xylem

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

The tubes and support that transport water

and nutrients up, down and around in plants

• Vascular System

• Shoot System

• Root System

• Reproductive System

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Vascular tissue (tubes) responsible for the transportation of water and minerals up from the roots and around the plant.

• Stomata

• Transpiration

• Phloem

• Xylem