AP Biology Big Idea 1 Labs Review (Evolution)

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• The coloration change shifted to more light-colored beetles, as in diagram I. The pollution helped the predators find the darkened tree trunks.

• The coloration in the population split into two extremes, as in diagram II. Both the light-colored and the dark-colored beetles were able to hide on the darker tree trunks.

• The coloration change became narrower, as in diagram III. The predators selected beetles at the color extremes.

• The coloration in the population shifted toward more darker-colored beetles, as in diagram IV. The lighter-colored beetles were found more easily by the predators than the darker-colored beetles.

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In a population of certain frogs in which the allele for brown skin is dominant to the allele for

green skin, a drought leads to selection against green-skinned frogs. When the drought ends, 12 percent of the remaining frogs exhibit the green-skin phenotype. If the population is now in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what will be the frequency of the green-skin allele in the next generation? Provide your answer to the nearest hundredth.

• 0.35

• 0.65

• 0.12

• 0.88

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• All organisms carry out glycolysis in mitochondria.

• Glycolysis is a universal energy-producing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life.

• Across the three domains, all organisms depend solely on the process of anaerobic respiration for the production of ATP.

• The presence of glycolysis as an energy-releasing process in all organisms suggests that convergent evolution occurred.

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A biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the finch populations of a group of islands. It was determined that the average beak size (both length and mass) of finches in a certain population increased dramatically during an intense drought between 1981 and 1987. During the drought, there was a reduction in the number of plants producing thin-walled seeds.

Which of the following procedures was most likely followed to determine the change in beak size?

• A few finches were trapped in 1981 and again in 1987, and their beak sizes were compared.

• The beak size in fifteen finches was measured in 1987, and the beak size in the original finches was determined by estimation.

• The beak size in a large number of finches was measured every year from 1981 to 1987.

• Finches were captured and bred in 1981, and the beak size of the offspring was measured.

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A biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the finch populations of a group of islands. It was determined that the average beak size (both length and mass) of finches in a certain population increased dramatically during an intense drought between 1981 and 1987. During the drought, there was a reduction in the number of plants producing thin-walled seeds.

Which of the following statements might best explain the increase in average beak size in the finch population during the drought?

• Finches with bigger beaks are better able to crack thick-walled seeds and produce more surviving offspring.

• Finches with bigger beaks can attack and kill finches with smaller beaks.

• Finches with bigger beaks possess more powerful flight muscles and are able to find more food.

• Finches that crack large seeds develop larger beaks over time.

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A biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the finch populations of a group of islands. It was determined that the average beak size (both length and mass) of finches in a certain population increased dramatically during an intense drought between 1981 and 1987. During the drought, there was a reduction in the number of plants producing thin-walled seeds.

Which of the following best describes the mechanism behind the change in beak size in the finch population?

• The formation of two new finch species from a single parent species

• A change in gene frequencies in the finch population due to selective pressure from the environmental change

• A new allele appearing in the finch population as a result of mutation

• The achievement of dynamic equilibrium in the finch population as a result of homeostasis

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A biologist spent many years researching the rate of evolutionary change in the finch populations of a group of islands. It was determined that the average beak size (both length and mass) of finches in a certain population increased dramatically during an intense drought between 1981 and 1987. During the drought, there was a reduction in the number of plants producing thin-walled seeds.

The biologist discovered that from 1988 to 1993, the average beak size declined to pre-1981 levels. The reversal in beak size from 1988 to 1993 was most likely related to which of the following events?

• A loss of food supply for the finches

• The end of the drought

• An increase in drought conditions

• An increase in predators consuming finches

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In a certain group of African people, 4 percent are born with sickle cell anemia. What percentage of the group has the selective advantage of being more resistant to malaria than those individuals who are homozygous for normal hemoglobin or for sickle cell anemia?

• 2%

• 4%

• 16%

• 32%

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A group of people whose ancestors immigrated to

North America 200 years ago have certain allele

frequencies that differ significantly from those in

surrounding populations in the United States.

Which of the following is the most likely

explanation for the difference in allele

frequencies?

• mutation

• independent assortment

• reproductive isolation

• gametic isolation

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