Students on a field trip observed a valley and wondered how it was formed. The three major characteristics of the valley were recorded. This valley was most likely formed by...

• a rapid series of earthquakes

• volcanic activity

• a flood with rapidly moving water

• the movement of a glacier

The abalone is a type of sea snail. Adult abalones slowly crawl over rocks near the shore, while larvae float in the water. Which organisms have a life cycle that is most like that of abalones?

• humans

• frogs

• birds

• snakes

This circuit has five light-emitting diode, or LED, lights. It also has one battery and one switch. Which LEDs produce light when the switch is in the position shown?

• LEDs 1, 3, and 4 only

• LEDs 1, 2, 3, and 4

• LEDs 3 and 4 only

• LEDs 1, 3, 4, and 5

Students are investigating properties of objects. They observe four objects and record observations for each object in the table. Based on the students' observations, which of these tables properly identifies the objects?

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• 
• 
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This diagram shows two stages in the life cycles of ladybird beetles and grasshoppers. Based on the diagram, which statement best compares the life cycles of these two types of organisms?

• Young ladybird beetles take many years to develop into adults. Young grasshoppers develop into adults quickly.

• Young grasshoppers live in a habitat that is different from that of adults. Young ladybird beetles live in the same habitat as adults.

• Young grasshoppers undergo incomplete metamorphosis to become adults. Young ladybird beetles undergo complete metamorphosis to become adults.

• Young ladybird beetles have a nymph stage before becoming adults. Young grasshoppers are larvae before becoming adults.

The Grand Canyon is more than 400 km long and in some places almost 2 km deep. Which model best represents the main process that formed the Grand Canyon?

• F) water faucet, soil, and drain

• G) fan, moving air, and sand

• H) marble and mud

• J) hammer, chisel, and rock

Students design an experiment to determine how much force is needed to move blocks of wood of different masses slowly across a lab table. Which procedure should students include in their design?

• Conduct five trials, using a different scale to pull each block of wood

• Conduct five trials, pulling a different side of each block each time

• Conduct five trials, using a different table for each trial

• Conduct five trials, pulling each block of wood in the same way for each trial

The leaves of two types of plants that live in different environments are shown in the pictures. The leaves of both plants have different structures. What differences in the structure of the leaves of these plants likely help them survive in their environments?

• The pan-like shape of the giant water lily leaves helps them catch rainwater. The slim shape of the mesquite leaves helps them avoid sunlight.

• The broad shape of the giant water lily leaves helps them stay on the water surface. The slim shape of the mesquite leaves helps them prevent water loss.

• The pan-like shape of the giant water lily leaves helps them attract small fish. The slim shape of the mesquite leaves helps them avoid herbivores.

• The broad shape of the giant water lily leaves helps them attract aquatic birds. The slim shape of the mesquite leaves helps them attract pollinators.

A teacher asks students to explain what they see in this picture. Four student explanations are shown in the box. Which of the students gave a correct explanation?

• Student 1 only

• Students 2 and 4 only

• Student 2 only

• Students 1 and 3 only

A family takes a group picture in a park where bluebonnets are blooming. The family notices that some of the blooms are white and others are blue. The color of the blooms is most likely determined by...

• air temperature

• the age of the plant

• the types of consumers that eat the plant

• inheritance from parent plants